Flashcards
Factors Affecting EWT
Flashcards do conjunto (10)
- 1Factors Affecting EWT RevisionEncoding may only be partial or distorted as crimes happen quickly
Memories may be lost of changed with time
Recall - fill in gaps from already stored knowledge called SCHEMA
Type of memory where we fill in the gaps is called reconstructive memeory - 2EWT Affected by: Misleading info or Qs Anxiety/Stress AgeLoftus and Palmer
2 lab exp
1st 45pps, 7 clips. 5 groups of nine
collided, smashed, bumped, hit, contacted
estimate for speed, smashed highest, contacted lowest - 32nd exp 150pps, 3 groups of 50 speed at smash, hit and control group not asked for speed no glass smashed, but asked if they saw any (week later) smashed 2x more likely to say yes to glassLoftus and Palmer concluded that leading Qs have immediate and long term effects on EWT and can alter them
- 4Strengths: lab, highly controlled high reliability as other studies show similar results many applicationslimitations:
students pps, so no representative of population as a whole
lacked ecological validity/mundane realism - 5AGE memory is not a constant thing memories change as we age suggestibility comes into itCeci et al
children 3 to 12
3 and 4 more vulnerable to leading q
3 to 5 suggested memories weaker and fade easier
children more suggestible and volatile to memory reconstruction - 6Warren et al children and adults ready story and Qs 15/20 misleading found children more suggestible to leading Qs 2nd exp, told qs were hard which lowered effect of misleadingQs in all agesGoodman and Schaff
ability to understand Qs
puppet show then asked Qs, more complex question, more likely wrong answer
complex vocab comes with age and accuracy ensured by child understanding - 7Goodman and Reid 3+6 year olds and adults - simon says male researcher Qs 5 days later 3yrs recall bad, so was 6 and adults accuracy similar across all ages, mistake different.
- 8ANXIETY high levels negative effect low levels negative effect balance or small levels recall is better (Yerkes-Dodson Law)Peters
health clinic, inoculations
researcher and nurse both seen for brief periods
week later, line up, researcher more recognised
anxiety of jab turned attention from nurse - 9Loftus and Burns film of crime, some pps violent, boy shot in face Q'd later, those saw less violent recalled more shock of event disrupted storage of details before and afterYuille and Cutshall
13 witnesses of real life crime where killing
despite anxiety caused, recall wasn't affected much
not affected by leading and memory construction not seen - 10Loftus et al gaze of pps show film and pps tended to focus on gun Qs later people less able to identify robber and recalled less than pps who saw vid with no weapon weapon focus.
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- FlashCards sobre Factors Affecting EWT, criado por jackk-norris em 02-03-2015.
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