Flashcards
PSYCHOLOGY: developmental
Flashcards do conjunto (26)
- 1AttachmentIs an emotional bond between two people that endures over time.
- 2Primary attachment figureThe person who has formed the closet born with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship.
- 3Learning TheoryThe name given to a group of explanations both classical and operant conditioning, which explains behaviour in terms of learning rather that any inborn tendencies.
- 4InnateRefers to the characteristics that are inborn, a product of genetic factors.
- 5Continuity hypothesisThe idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting and socially confident adults.
- 6ImprintingAn innate readiness to develop a strong bond with a mother figure, which takes place during a critical or sensitive period.
- 7Internal working modelA mental model of the world that enables individuals to predict and control their environment. It acts as a template for expectations of what future relationships will be like and how people should behave.
- 8MonotropyThe idea that the one relationship that the infant has with his/her primary attachment figure is of special significance of emotional development.
- 9Sensitive periodA biologically determined period of time during which the child is particularly sensitive to a specific form of stimulation, resulting in the development of a specific response or characteristic.
- 10Social releasesA social behaviour or characteristic that elicits a caregivers reaction. Bowlby suggested that these were innate and adaptive.
- 11Temperament hypothesisThe belief that children form secure attachments simply because they have a more 'easy' temperament from birth, whereas innately difficult children are more likely to form insecure attachments and later attachments.
- 12Secure AttachmentThis is a strong and consented attachment of an infant to his/her caregiver which develops as a result of sensitive responding by the caregiver to the infants needs.
- 13Insecure AttachmentThis is a form of attachment between infant or caregiver that develops as a result of the caregivers lack of sensitive responses to the infants needs.
- 14Insecure-avoidantA style of attachment characterises those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others.
- 15Insecure-resistantAn attachment that characterises those who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction.
- 16DisorganisedAn attachement that is characterised by a lack of consistency in pattern of social behaviours.
- 17Seperation anxietyThe distress shown by an infant when separated from his/her primary attachment figure.
- 18Stranger anxietyThe distress shown by infants when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar.
- 19CultureRefers to all the rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members of a society or some other collection of people.
- 20Cultural variationsThe ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, and the effects these practices have on development and behaviour.
- 21Collectivist cultureAny culture that places more value on the collective rather than the individual, and on interdependence rather than independence.
- 22Disinhibited attachmentsA type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminate between people they choose as attachment figures. Such children will treat near strangers with inappropriate familiarity and may be attention seeking.
- 23Institutional careAn institution is a place dedicated to a particular task, such as looking after children awaiting adoption, or caring for the mentally ill, or patients in hospital.
- 24PrivationThe lack of having any attachments due to the failure to develop such attachments during early life.
- 25Day careThis refers to a form of temporary care, not given by family members or anyone well known to the child and usually outside the home.
- 26Peer relationsThis refers to a child's ability to form close or satisfying relationships with other children.
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- FlashCards sobre PSYCHOLOGY: developmental, criado por Megan Rowe em 09-03-2015.
- Criado por
- Megan Rowe
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