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- 1The Charge of the Light Brigade Purpose-Crimean war (1853-1856)
-Between British Cavalry and Russian Army
-Misunderstanding led British Light Brigade to charge into a valley surrounded by enemy soldiers
-Russians had guns and British Light Brigade had horses and swords. Most of them got killed - 2The Charge of the Light Brigade Organisation-Written in third person
-Rhythm creates a fast pace imitating the cavalry charging forward with energy
-Story is told in third person
-Lines are repeated to keep focus on British troops
-First three stanzas end with same line, giving sense of foreboding - 3The Charge of the Light Brigade Emotive tone-Poet admires bravery of the Light Brigade
-Soldiers took orders and sacrificed their lives, poet believes this should be acknowledged
-Poet is shocked at the stupidity of the order but doesn't lose respect for soldiers
-Poet is horrified by violence of battle - 4The Charge of the Light Brigade Techniques-Repetition gives sense of impending doom 'stormed at with shot and shell' alliteration expresses sound of firing
-Onomatopoeia sounder from the battle field 'volley'd and thunder'd'
-Metaphors; 'jaws of death' 'mouth of hell' gives reader idea that death is creature the soldier can not escape from - 5The Charge of the Light Brigade Individual words'Wonder'd' - repetition of this word throughout the poem emphasises people's amazement at their bravery
'Flash'd' - repetition of this word and rhyme create a powerful image of them using their swords
'Valley of death' - biblical reference. Makes people feel significant - 6The Charge of the Light Brigade Contrast- The respect the poet has for the Light brigade in contrast to his lack of respect for the commanding officer
- 'Someone had blunder'd'; he speaks as though he is a fool, unlike soldiers who he persistently admires throughout the poem - 7The Charge of the Light Brigade Questions?How does the poet show us that he has admiration and respect for the troops?
How does the poet convey the sense of how terrifying and violent the battle was?
What impression does the poet give of the commanding officer who gave the order? - 8The Charge of the Light Brigade Compare with?Bayonet Charge
- 9Futility Purpose-An injured probably dead soldier. Set in France during WW1. The poet questions the point of life if it's only to be destroyed again.
- 10Futility Organisation-Each stanza begins with command words, this links to orders being given to soldiers
-First stanza gives practical instructions about how to help the soldier
-Second stanza is more philosophical and thoughtful
-Half rhyme e.g. 'seeds' and 'sides' - 11Futility Emotive tone-Language becomes more biblical. Poet reflects on what has happened to the soldier
-Poet is sympathetic and uses a respectful tone when talking about the soldier
-Poet feels anger and frustration - he is bitter about the waste of life caused by war - 12Futility Techniques-Personification of nature. The Sun is a metaphor for God. Even he is defenceless against war
-Nature is personified as powerful but helpless in the face of War - 13Futility Individual words-'Woke once the clays of a cold star' The Sun is powerful (as is God) and brought Earth to life in the beginning but it can't help now
-'Fatuous sunbeams' his anger is coming out now as he hints at the pointlessness of war - 14Futility Contrast-Past and present; the poet shows past and present tenses to show the contrast between the soldier's home life and his current situation
-The repeated reference to 'waking' emphasises the contract between being alive and being awake and being dead or close to death - 15Futility Questions?Is the soldier dead injured or dying? What clues are given in the poem?
How does the poem's title relate to its content?
What can you tell about the poet's attitude to war and do you agree with it? - 16Futility Compare with?The Falling Leaves
- 17Bayonet Charge PurposeA soldier's experience of a violent battle, describing his thoughts and actions as he tries to avoid being shot. The soldier's main emotion is fear, which replaces his initial feelings of patriotism
- 18Bayonet Charge Organisation-A lot of enjambment is used creating a haphazard effect, representing the soldier's urgency and desperation
-The poem begins in the middle of all the action.
-This gives soldier enough time to realise that the situation has become more violent - 19Bayonet Charge Emotive tone-Terror; the poem challenges patriotism and shows how desperate the terror becomes the overriding emotion in battle
-Confusion; the soldier is confused because he's physically disorientated by the gunfire, at the same time questioning his presence there - 20Bayonet Charge Techniques-Figurative language to describe the horrors of war and physical pain - 'smashed arm'
-Describes how useless his rifle appears to him - 'bullets smacking the belly'
-Simile; 'rolled like a flame' emphasises frantic movement and suggests confusion - 21Bayonet Charge Individual words'Touchy dynamite' tells us that he's about to lose control of his emotions - this reminds us that he's human before he's a soldier
'Cold clockwork of the stars and the nations' suggests that the soldier is insignificant in the grander scheme
Metaphor, 'open silent' suggests pain/fear - 22Bayonet Charge Contrast-Contrast between ideals and reality - he should be brave and patriotic, first and foremost, but the reality is that he's terrified and is questioning his presence
-Nature and war - the use of the green hedge to contrast the natural with the unnatural violence of war - 23Bayonet Charge Questions?How does the middle stanza differ from the other two stanzas?
How does the poet show the soldier change form the start to the end of the poem?
How is natural imagery used to recreate the horror of the soldier's situation?
What does the poem suggest about the poet's attitude to war? - 24Bayonet Charge Compare with?The Charge of the Light Brigade
- 25The Falling leaves PurposeThe Poet sees autumn leaves falling from the trees and it reminds her of young soldiers being killed in WW1. She campaigned against conscription so it is anti-war.
- 26The Falling leaves Organisation-Poem is one stanza, made up of one complex sentence. This represents one single moment of intense thought. Lines are all different lengths, suggesting leaf fall
-Regular rhyme scheme helps create peacefulness - 27The Falling leaves Emotive tone-Sadness; poem has a calm reflective tone of sadness as poet imagines a moment vast numbers of soldier's being killed by war
-Regret; there's a sense of sorrow for the deaths that have happened for no reason
-Respect; poet shows respect for those who gave their lives to the war - 28The Falling leaves Techniques-Old fashioned language is used to add dignity to the soldier's deaths
-Autumn and winter are used as metaphors throughout the poem
-Gentle 'w' alliteration creates a sense of calm and emphasises the sound of the leaves falling - 29The Falling leaves Individual words-'Wiping out the noon'; reference to soldiers death being untimely
-'Like snowflakes'; simile to emphasise sheer numbers of them
-'Slain'; harsh word to contrast the gentleness of first lines
-'Flemish clay'; there were three big battles in Flemish province of Ypres in WW1 - 30The Falling leaves Contrast-'Slain' and 'withering' contrast with 'gallant multitude'; a contrasting image of the defeated with the heroic
-Contrast of seasons - 31The Falling leaves Questions?How does the poet create a sense of sadness in the poem?
What details connect the falling leaves with the soldiers dying? What effect does this create?
What is the poet's attitude to war and how does she show this in the poem? - 32The Falling leaves Compare with?Poppies
- 33Next to of course god America I PurposePoem is a parody of an American patriotic, pro-war speech. The last line makes it clear that the rest of the poem is spoken by a character, rather than reflecting the own characters opinion.
- 34Next to of course god America I Organisation-First 13 lines are 1st person, dramatic monologue and the final line is in the third person, as if person is presenting speech
-Structure is similar to a sonnet; implies it's quite serious content is clearly mocking
-Most of poem is in speech marks - 35Next to of course god America I Emotive toneSarcasm- Poet is mocking the speaker, none of the points are finished or explained
Challenging patriotism- Poem challenges the popular idea of patriotism ad sacrifice as something to be complacent about
Anti War- Poem also raises serious questions about death in war - 36Next to of course god America I Techniques-Rhetorical language; used to build up emotive ending
-Patriotic language; noble patriotic words are used but only in an ironic mocking way
-Third person narrative gives the reader into an insight of the feelings of the character - 37Next to of course god America I Individual words'Heroic happy dead' alliteration of 'h' mimics laughter. This is also an oxymoron which implies feelings on soldiers who go to war and don't really know why they're fighting
'who rushed like lions to the roaring laughter' simile created a powerful image of battle and death - 38Next to of course god America I Contrast-Poet has created an unpatriotic speech by playing patriotic speech. The poet is clearly well-educated and yet we hear a garbled stream of consciousness. He is aware tat anti-patriotism is sensitive and controversial issue and so disguises his attitudes to war in his character.
- 39Next to of course god America I Questions?What do you think the poet wants the public to do?
Are the ideas in this poem still relevant today?
Why has the poet included extracts from such well-known patriotic songs? - 40Next to of course god America I Compare with?Bayonet charge
- 41Mametz Wood PurposePoem is about farmers in France (present day) finding bones and skeletons in the fields when they plough the land. The bones are from soldiers who died in WW1. The poem switches between describing their death in battle and the discovery of the skeletons in present.
- 42Mametz Wood Organisation-Poem is written in tercets (3-line stanzas)
-Written in 3rd person, which gives a feeling of detachment.
-Long sentences and enjambment give a reflective sad tone. The poem builds up chronologically - 43Mametz Wood Emotive tone-Sadness; the mournful, lyrical tone suggests a calm sadness for the death of the young soldiers
-Understated horror; the horror of their deaths feel distant but is implied in small details
-Memory; the poem contains images of nature making sure that the dead soldiers aren't forgotten - 44Mametz Wood Techniques-Personification; Earth is personified as someone who needs healing and as someone guarding the soldiers memory
-Similes and metaphors are used to create vivid images of the rural farmland and ghostly glimpses of past events - 45Mametz Wood Individual words'wasted young' their bodies are decaying, implies lives are wasted
'the Earth stands sentinel' personification, Earth is the only one able to keep the memory alive
'Like a wound working a foreign body to the surface of the skin' links with healing an reminds us that the soldiers were not buried at home - 46Mametz Wood ContrastContrast of past and present and the violent with the calm. They died in battle but may now rest in peace.
- 47Mametz Wood Questions?The discovery of the 20 linked skeletons in a shallow grave is based on a real event. Who do you think buried them and why might they have arranged them in this way?
The poet's tone seems very detached. What clues can you see to the poet's emotions? - 48Mametz Wood Compare with?Futility
- 49At The Border 1979 PurposePoem is about crossing a border back into their homeland (Iraq) as a child. The family are helpless and anxious. The adults become very emotional about crossing the border and returning to their homeland. The narrator can't understand why it's so important when things appear to look the same on both sides of the border.
- 50At The Border 1979 Organisation-Poem is written in first person, showing personal memory
-Stanzas are not equal length which suggests that the memories are fragmented, narrator pieces them together
-Use of enjambment reinforces this.
-Beginning uses a lot of direct speech - 51At The Border 1979 Emotive tone-Nationalism; sense that people have their feelings and attitudes manipulated by nationalism and that boundaries and restrictions have negative effects
-Child-like view; contrast between the logical perspective of a child and the more complex of the adults - 52At The Border 1979 Techniques-Direct speech used to make conversation seem more natural and real
-Child-like language; written in simplistic style with no elaborate imagery
-Short sentences create a sense of child's memory and make the message
-Passive sentences; show how the family are helpless at the hands of officials - 53At The Border 1979 Individual words'Taste different', 'much cleaner...more beautiful...much kinder'; Sense that grass is greener in their homeland
'Were checked...thoroughly inspected', passive construction keeps officials anonymous and powerful
'standing...comparing'; the child' behaviour is calm and logical - 54At The Border 1979 ContrastContrast between how the narrator feels about going home, compared to the adults who are very emotionally attached.
- 55At The Border 1979 Questions?Which attitude do you feel most sympathy for - that of the adults in the poem or that of the children? Why?
Does the poem give you any ideas about why their homeland is so important to the families?
What examples of humour can you find in the poem? What effect do they have? - 56At The Border 1979 Compare with?Poppies
- 57Belfast Confetti PurposeNarrator caught up in bomb incident in Belfast during 'The troubles'. He describes his attempt to get to safety away from the bomb. Every time he tries to escape, his attempts are thwarted by security forces and confusion.
- 58Belfast Confetti OrganisationIrregular line lengths, incomplete sentences, enjambment, all give a fragmented feel to the comments, as if narrator is disorientated and can't think clearly. Poem starts in the middle of the incident and there is no clear conclusion. Language changes from past to present, reflects the narrator being unable to escape.
- 59Belfast Confetti Emotive tone-Being trapped; trapped by physical blockades and harassed by the language used by security forces
-Violence; both physical and verbal violence confuse and distress narrator
-Fear and confusion; poem shows personal and emotional reaction to bombing - 60Belfast Confetti Techniques-Violent imagery and chaotic language; used to make reader feel like it is happening right now
-Speaker makes lists as though trying to create some order in his head
-Punctuation references; made throughout as though he is having trouble putting a sentence together which makes sense - 61Belfast Confetti Individual words'Blocked with stops and colons', 'fusillade of question-marks'; creates imagery of a military situation involving civilians who simply want answers
'Stuttering'; mimics the gunfire - 62Belfast Confetti ContrastContrast between the army's organised precision and the chaos of all the civilians. The narrator also highlights a contrast in describing how unfamiliar this place he knows seems now.
- 63Belfast Confetti Questions?What does the speaker suggest about himself in the poem?
Is the poem just about Belfast, or could it be happening anywhere else in the world?
Could the poem have anything to say about the way war is reported? - 64Belfast Confetti Compare with?next to of course god america i
- 65Poppies PurposeA mother describes her son leaving home to fight in the army. She is worried for his safety and is almost behaving like she's lost him already. It is a mournful poem and she goes to his bedroom to cry and remind herself of him.
- 66Poppies Organisation-No regular rhyme or rhythm which helps make it feel like someone's thoughts and memories. Long sentences and enjambment give an impression of someone absorbed in their own thoughts and memories. Poem starts with son leaving and then she goes on to describe what she did afterwards.
- 67Poppies Emotive tone-Loss; she is mourning him but is he dead?
-Fear; she fears for his safety
-Freedom; contrast between her loss and the son's excitement at experiencing new things - 68Poppies Techniques-Written in first person to cream sympathy
-Metaphors for bereavement are throughout, as though she has already lost him, perhaps she lost him when he stopped being a child - 69Poppies Individual words'Released a song from it cage'; she's releasing him but it's likely to also mean she sat in his room and cried. 'Winter coat or reinforcements' battle imagery makes her sound vulnerable.
- 70Poppies ContrastThere is a stark contrast between the images of him as a child and him going off to war.
- 71Poppies QuestionsIs this poem about war or about families?
What impression does the poet give you of the mother through the things she does?
Do you think the son is still alive? what clues does the poem give you?
How do you think the title relates to the poem? - 72Poppies Compare with?Futility
- 73Alliterationthe first letter of a word is repeated in words that follow; the cold, crisp, crust of clean, clear ice.
- 74Assonancethe same vowel sound is repeated but the consonants are different; he passed her a sharp, dark glance, shot a cool, foolish look across the room.
- 75Colloquiallanguage that is used in speech with an informal meaning; 'chill', 'out of this world', 'take a rain check'.
- 76Enjambmenta device used in poetry where a sentence continues beyond the end of the line or verse. This technique is often used to maintain a sense of continuation from one stanza to another.
- 77Metaphora word or phrase used to imply figurative, not literal or 'actual', resemblance; he flew into the room.
- 78Onomatopoeiaa word that sounds like the noise it is describing: 'splash', 'bang', 'pop', 'hiss'.
- 79OxymoronWhere two words normally not associated are brought together: 'cold heat' 'bitter sweet'.
- 80Similea phrase which establishes similarity between two things to emphasise the point being made. This usually involves the words 'like' or 'as'; 'he is as quick as an arrow in flight', 'as white as snow', 'like a burning star'.
- 81Symbolismoften objects, colours, sounds and places work as symbols. They can sometimes give us a good insight into the themes. So, snakes are often symbols of temptation as in the story of Adam and Eve, white usually symbolises innocence and a ringing bell can be a symbol for impending doom.
- 82Hyperboleexaggerating something for literary purposes which is not meant to be taken literally; we gorged on the banquet of beans on toast.
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por jamima20 em 08-04-2015.
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