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Flashcards do conjunto (47)
- 1natural selectionthe process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring
- 2populationin biology, all of the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time
- 3evolutiona change in the genetic makeup of species over time
- 4adaptationthe process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment
- 5homologousstructures that share a common ancestry
- 6vestigalstructures with no function that are left from an organism's evolutionary past
- 7divergencethe development of differences between similar species
- 8punctuated equilibriumthe hypothesis that evolution of a species happens in periods of fast change separated by periods of little to no change
- 9subspeciespopulations of the same species that differ genetically because they have adapted to different living conditions
- 10gradualismhypothesis that the evolution of different species happens at a slow, constant rate
- 11isolationcondition which two populations of the same species cannot breed with one another
- 12extinctwhen a species permanently disappears
- 13speciationthe process by which new species form
- 14reproductive isolationwhen two populations are no longer able to breed with one another or produce fertile offspring
- 15paleontologista person who studies fossils
- 16phylumthe classification level in which classes with similar characteristics are grouped
- 17evolutionary systematicswhen taxonomists give varying subjective degrees of importance to characters
- 18cladisticsreconstructing phylogenies by inferring relationships based on similarities derived from a common ancestor without considering the "strength" of a character
- 19phylogenythe evolutionary history of a species
- 20classorders with common properties
- 21ordersimilar families combined
- 22familythe classification level in which similar genera are grouped
- 23analogous charactera similar feature that evolved through convergent evolution
- 24convergent evolutionorganisms evolve similar features independently, often because they live in similar habitats
- 25cladograma branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships in groups of shared derived characters
- 26domainthe most general level of classification
- 27genusa taxonomic category containing similar species
- 28taxonomyLinneaus developed this system for naming and classifying organisms
- 29biological speciesa group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups
- 30derived characteristicsunique characteristics used in cladistics
- 31binomial nomenclaturethe two-word system for naming organisms
- 32kingdomcontains many phyla
- 33phylogenetic treein evolutionary systematics, evolutionary relationships are displayed in this branching diagram
- 34Taxonomythe naming, describing, and classifying of organisms
- 35speciationwhen members of a population become separated
- 36morphologyoriginal method for defining a species
- 37biological speciesa group of populations that are or could interbreed and that are reproductively isolated from such other groups
- 38reproductive isolationa barrier that separates 2 or more groups from interbreeding
- 39phylogenya classification system based on an organism's evolutionary history
- 40analogous charactersimilarities that arise from convergent evolution (ex Dolphins and sharks)
- 41convergent evolutionwhen organisms evolve similar features independently (ex Dolphins and sharks)
- 42homologous characteristicsare structures that share common ancestry
- 43vestigial structuresreduced in size and have little or greatly reduced use (ex rear leg bones in whale)
- 44punctuated equilibriumperiods of rapid change followed by long periods of little to no change
- 45gradualismslow continual change throughout time
- 46cladisticssystem of taxonomy that reconstructs phylogenies by focusing on derived traits
- 47ancestral characterevolved from a common ancestor and maybe shared with 1 or more groups
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por laurenbarnebee em 21-04-2015.
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