Flashcards
Integumentary System
Flashcards do conjunto (81)
- 1The integumentary system includesThe skin and its derivatives
- 2What are the 2 layers of the integument?Epidermis and dermis
- 3What is the outer layer of skin made out of?Superficial layer of stratified squamous epithelium
- 4What is the dermis made out of?Areolar and dense irregular connective tissues
- 5What are the 7 functions of integument?Protection, prevention of water loss/gain, temperature regulation, metabolic regulation, immune defense, sensory reception, secretion
- 6Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?avascular
- 7How many layers is the epidermis composed of?4-5 layers (strata)
- 8What are the 5 layers of strata, deep to superficial?Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum - 9Which layer of the epidermis is a single layer of cells, cuboidal to low columnar incapable of mitosis, with cells attached to basement membrane?Stratum basale
- 10What are the 3 types of cells found in stratum basale?keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
- 11Which layer of the epidermis has several layers of polygonal keratinocytes attached to each other via desmosomes and some epidermal dendritic cells?Stratum spinosum
- 12What are dendritic cells?Immune cells that act as phagocytes to fight infection and initiate immune responses
- 13Which layer of the epidermis has 3-4 layers of keratinocytes undergoing keratinization?Stratum Granulosum
- 14Which layer of the epidermis is a thin, translucent region with 2-3 layers of cells that lack organelles and are filled with eleidin?Stratum Lucidum
- 15Which layer of the epidermis has 2-30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells that lack a nucleus?Stratum corneum
- 16What are the dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells in the stratum corneum called?Corneoctyes
- 17Skin color depends on which 3 pigments?hemoglobin, melanin, and carotine
- 18Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of white hair, pale skin, and pink irises?Albinism
- 19Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of golden-brown, copper, or bronze skin?Bronzing
- 20Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of blue skin and is the result of an oxygen deficiency?Cyanosis
- 21Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of abnormally red skin?Erythema
- 22Which abnormal skin color is a visible pool of clotted blood observable through the skin?Hematoma
- 23Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of yellow skin and sclera?Jaundice
- 24Which abnormal skin color shows symptoms of skin appearing ashen, pale due to while collagen fibers housed within dermisPallor
- 25Which abnormal skin marking is a localized overgrowth of melanocytes; also called a mole?Nevus
- 26Which abnormal skin marking is yellow or brown spots of high melanocyte activity?Freckles
- 27Which abnormal skin marking is a proliferation of blood vessels that form a benign tumor?Hemangioma
- 28What are strawberry colored birthmarks called?capillary hemangiomas
- 29What are port-wine stains called?Cavernous hemangiomas
- 30What are the folds of the epidermis and dermis on fingers, palms, soles, and toes called?Friction ridges
- 31What are the 2 layers of the dermisPapillary and reticular layer
- 32What tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis composed of?Areolar connective tissue
- 33What are the projections of the dermis toward the epidermis called?dermal papillae
- 34What do the dermal papillae interlock with?Epidermal ridges
- 35What is the importance of the dermal papillae?They contain capillaries that supply nutrients to the epidermis and sensory receptors
- 36What is the Reticular layer of the dermis composed of?Dense irregular connective tissue?
- 37Which layer of the dermis contains many blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves?Reticular layer
- 38What are lines of cleavage?Tension lines that identify the orientation of fiber bundles in the dense irregular tissue of the dermis
- 39Narrowed diameter of vessels reducing blood flow to skin to conserve heatvasoconstriction
- 40Widening diameter of vessels which increases blood flow to skin to release heatvasodilation
- 41Which layer is deep to the integument?Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
- 42What tissues is the hypodermis composed of?Areolar and adipose connective tissue
- 43What are the 3 functions of the subcutaneous layer?protect underlying structures, store energy, and thermal insulation
- 44What are the 3 integumentary structures derived from the epidermis?Nails, hair, and exocrine glands of skin
- 45The nail plate is composed of:A free edge, a nail body, and a nail root
- 46What is the layer of epidermis covered by the nail body called?nail bed
- 47What is the thickened growing part of the nail bed called?Nail matrix
- 48What is the white semilunar proximal area of the nail body called?Lanula
- 49What are is the overlap of the lateral and proximal edges of the nail body called?Nail folds
- 50What is the narrow band of epidermis that extends from the margin of the nail onto the nail body called?Cuticle (eponychium)
- 51What is the region of thickened stratum corneum over which the free edge of the nail projects called?hyponychium
- 52What are the 3 types of hair?Lanuga, vellus, and terminal
- 53Which type of hair is only found on the fetus?Lanugo
- 54Which type of hair is fine and nonpigmented, found on most of the body?Vellus
- 55Which type of hair is coarse and pigmented?Terminal
- 56What are the 3 zones that make up a hair?Hair bulb, hair root, hair shaft
- 57At which part of the hair does hair production occur?Hair matrix
- 58Which layer of the hair is a core of loose cells and air spaces?Medulla
- 59Which layer of hair is several layers of hardened, flattened cells?Cortex
- 60Which layer of hair is the outer coating?Cuticle
- 61Which part of the hair is a wall of connective tissue root sheath and epithelial tissue root sheath surrounding each hair?Hair follicle
- 62What is attached to the hair shaft and responds to emotions and cold temperatures by contracting?Arrector pili muscles
- 63What are the 4 functions of hair protection?heat retention, sensory reception, and visual identification
- 64What are the 3 stages of the hair growth cycle?Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen
- 65What is the stage of the hair growth cycle that is the active growth?Anagen
- 66What is the stage of the hair growth cycle that is a brief regression period?Catagen
- 67What is the stage of the hair growth cycle that is a resting phase and is usually when hair is shed?Telogen
- 68What is alopecia?Hair thinning
- 69What is hirsutism?Excessive hairiness
- 70What are the 2 types of glands present in the skin?Sweat (suboriferous) glands and sebaceous
- 71What are the 2 types of sweat glands?Merocrine and apocrine
- 72Where does the sweat gland duct of merocrine glands transport secretions to?Skin surface
- 73Where does the sweat gland duct of apocrine glands transport secretions to?Hair follicles
- 74What are the cells that between secretory cells that respond to sympathetic stimulation called? They contract to squeeze the gland so secretions are released.Myoepithelial cells
- 75What are the functions of merocrine sweat glands?Thermoregulation, secretion of various substances, and protection from microbes
- 76What is the sweat from merocrine glands made of?99% water
- 77Where are apocrine sweat glands located?armpits, nipples, groin, and anus
- 78What is the sweat from apocrine glands made of?appears thick and cloudy; composed of proteins and lipids
- 79What does the sebaceous gland secrete?Oily sebum into hair hair follicles/directly onto skin
- 80What is the function of sebaceous glands?lubrication and preventing drying of hair and skin
- 81What are the 2 other integumentary glands?Ceruminous (ear) and mammary
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- FlashCards sobre Integumentary System, criado por Emily Kain em 23-09-2020.
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- Emily Kain
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