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Flashcards

autonomics

Salem Robinson Inglês 90 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (90)

  1. 1ANS functionentirely involuntary
    control/modulate visceral organs
  2. 2each pathway has two neurons:preganglionic
    postganglionic
  3. 3preganglionic neurons...synapse with postganglionic neurons
    ALL preganglionic release ACh
    ALL preganglionic are cholinergic
  4. 4postganglionic neurons...synapse with effector organs
    some release ACh - cholinergic
    some release norepinephrine - adrenergic
  5. 5sympathetic preganglionic neurons areCHOLINERGIC - NICOTINIC
  6. 6parasympathetic preganglionic neurons areCHOLINERGIC - NICOTINIC
  7. 7ACh released from PREGANGLIONIC neurons activates...nicotinic receptors
  8. 8ACh released from POSTGANGLIONIC neurons activates...muscarinic receptors
  9. 9non-adrenergic non-cholinergicpostganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the GI tract
    release peptides or other substances as NT
  10. 10parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release what? and activate what receptors?ACh - cholinergic receptors (muscarinic)
  11. 11sympathetic postganglionic neurons release ... and activate what receptors...some release ACh - cholinergic (muscarinic)
    MOST release norepinephrine - adrenoreceptors
  12. 12what "organ" has sympathetic postganglionic neurons that are cholinergic?thermoregulatory sweat glands
  13. 13where is the neuroeffector junction located?between postganglionic neurons and their effector organs
  14. 14what property of neuroeffector junction is analogous to presynaptic nerviest terminal of NMJ?branching networks known as varicosities - synthesize, store, release NT
  15. 15two other properties of neuroeffector junction that are not in NMJoverlap in branching networks from other postganglionic neurons
    postsynaptic receptors are widely distributed on target tissues (no specialized region)
  16. 16sympathetic preganglionic neurons are on ... cell bodiesthoracolumbar
  17. 17sympathetic preganglioninc neurons project to...prevertebral ganglia
    paravertebral ganglia (chain)
  18. 18sympathetic preganglionic neurons release...ACh
  19. 19sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ... sympathetic postganglioninc neurons are ... in lengthpre - SHORT
    post - LONG
  20. 20sympathetic postganglionic neurons release...epinephrine
    norepinephrine
  21. 21what are the adrenoreceptorsalpha 1
    alpha 2
    beta 1
    beta 2
  22. 22adrenergic varicosities contain...norepinephrine
    ATP/neuropeptide Y
  23. 23what happens when sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic neurons are stimulated?norepi and ATP released from vesicles
    serve as NT at neuroeffector junction
    bind to respective receptors on target tissue
  24. 24general features of adrenal medullaspecialized sympathetic ganglion
    originates in thoracolumbar
    passes through chain WITHOUT synapsing
    goes to greater splanchnic to adrenal gland
  25. 25adrenal medulla ganglia synapse on ... and neurons release ... and activate ... receptorschromaffin cells
    ACh
    nicotinic
  26. 26chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla release ...norepinephrine 20%
    epinephrine 80%
  27. 27adrenal medulla is responsible for...fight or flight response
    fear, extreme stress, intense exercise
  28. 28increases in... during fight or flight responseheart rate
    cardiac output
    blood pressure
    ventilation
    blood glucose concentration
    mental activity/alertness
  29. 29decreases in ... during fight or flight responseGI motility
    secretions
  30. 30redistribution of ... during light or flight responseblood flow AWAY from skin, kidneys, splanchnic region TO skeletal muscle
  31. 31agonists of alpha 1 adrenoreceptornorepinephrine
    phenylephrine (spikes BP)
  32. 32antagonists of alpha 1 adrenoreceptorphenoxybenzamine
    prazosin
  33. 33agonists of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsclonidine
  34. 34antagonists of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsyohimbine
  35. 35agonists of beta 1 adrenoreceptorsnorepinephrine
    epinephrine
    isoproterenol (treats heart failure)
    dobutamine
  36. 36antagonists of beta 1 adrenoreceptorspropanolol (beta blocker, treats high BP)
    metoprolol (beta blocker, treats high BP)
  37. 37agonists of beta 2 adrenoreceptorsepinephrine
    norepinephrine
    isoproterenol
    albuterol (relief for asthma attack)
  38. 38antagonists for beta 2 adrenoreceptorspropranolol (beta blocker, treats high BP)
    butoxamine
  39. 39function of parasympathetic nervous systemrest/digest, restorative, conservative
  40. 40function of sympathetic nervous systemprepare for stressful situations
    fight or flight
  41. 41parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in ... cell bodiescraniosacral
  42. 42parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are ... and postganglionic are ... in lengthpre - LONG
    post - SHORT
  43. 43parasympathetic preganglioninc neurons synapse/project to ...near, on, in effector organs
  44. 44parasympathetic pregandlionc neurons release ... and activate ...ACh
    cholinergic receptors
    nicotinic
  45. 45parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ... and activate ... receptorsACh
    muscarinic
  46. 46parasympathetic postganglionic cholinergic nerves release ... from ... to ...ACh and non-classic NT
    varicosities
    target tissue
  47. 47ACh is synthesized from ... and stored in ... that release ... and bind to ...choline + acetyl CoA
    vesicles
    VIP peptides with intense/high freq stimul.
    receptors on target tissue
  48. 48agonists of nicotinic cholinoreceptorsACh
    Nicotine
  49. 49antagonists of nicotinic cholinoreceptorscurare (blocks neuromuscular N1 receptors)
    hexamethonium (blocks ganglionic N2 receptors)
  50. 50agonists of muscarinic cholinoreceptorsACh
    Muscarine
  51. 51antagonists of muscarinic cholinoreceptorsatropine
  52. 52sympathetic dominancesympathetic rate of firing increases
    simultaneous decrease of parasympathetic fibers
    *massive widespread of discharges more likely to take place in sympathetic system
  53. 53parasympathetic dominanceparasympathetic rate of firing increases
    simultaneous decrease of sympathetic fibers
  54. 54reciprocal innervationoverall effect of each system on an organ is reciprocal and has opposing responses
  55. 55exception to reciprocal innervationsome organs ONLY have sympathetic innervation
  56. 56what organs ONLY have sympathetic innervationTHERMOREGULATORY SWEAT GLANDS*
    (postganglionic sympathetic ONLY, specifically eccrine glands)
    VSM**
    pilomotor muscles of skin
    liver, adipose tissue, kidney
  57. 57effector organs of parasympathetic system have ... receptorsMUSCARINIC only
  58. 58effector organs of sympathetic system have ... receptorsADRENERGIC (everything else)
    MUSCARINIC (sweat glands)
  59. 59adrenoreceptors are activated by ...catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine
  60. 60adrenoreceptor type is related to ...FUNCTION
  61. 61alpha 1 adrenoreceptors are found ...VSM of skin
    skeletal muscle
    splanchnic region
    sphincter of GI
    bladder
    radial muscle of iris
  62. 62alpha 1 adrenoreceptor processNE
    alpha 1
    G protein
    activates phospholipase C
    creates second messenger IP3
  63. 63very potent agonist of alpha 1 adrenoreceptorsphenylephrine
    VSM constricts
    BP increases
  64. 64alpha 2 adrenoreceptors are found in ...pre/post synaptic
    presyn adrenergic and cholinergic terminals
    GI tract
  65. 65two types of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsheteroreceptors
    autoreceptors
  66. 66heteroreceptors are found ...parasympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals of GI tract
  67. 67heteroreceptors inhibit ... which then decreases ...adenylyl cyclase
    release of ACh and muscle contraction
  68. 68auto receptors are found ...sympathetic postganglionc nerve terminals
  69. 69autoreceptors inhibit ... from ...further release of norepinephrine
    presynaptic nerve terminals
  70. 70norepinephrine is conserved with autoreceptors through ... by ...negative feedback loop
    release of inhibitory alpha subunit from the receptor
  71. 71there are NO ... receptors in the adrenal medullaalpha 2
  72. 72autonomic receptors are present in...NMJ
    cell bodies of postganglionic neurons
    target tissue/effector organs
  73. 73beta 1 adrenoreceptors are found in...the HEART:
    SA node
    AV node
    ventricular muscle
    salivary glands, adipose tissue, kidney (renin secretion)
  74. 74when beta 1 receptors are activated in the SA node... by means of ...HR increases
    increasing spontaneous rate of depolarization of cells
  75. 75when beta 1 receptors are activated in the AV node ...conduction velocity increases
  76. 76when beta 1 receptors are activated in ventricular muscle ... by means of ...contractility increases
    increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
  77. 77agonist drugsbind to NT receptor
    cause same response as NT
  78. 78antagonist drugsbind to NT receptor
    prevents NT from binding/causing a response
    antagonist also produces no response
  79. 79beta 1 receptors are activated by ...norepinephrine from sympathetic fibers
    OR
    epinephrine fron adrenal medulla
  80. 80much ... concentrations of catecholamines will activate ... over ...LOWER concentrations of catecholamines can activate beta 1 receptors over alpha 1 receptors
  81. 81beta 2 receptors prefer to be activated by ...epinephrine
  82. 82alpha 1 receptors are ... to catecholamines, but ... is a slightly MORE potent agonistrelatively insensitive
    epinephrine
  83. 83cholinoreceptors can be ...muscarinic
    nicotinic
  84. 84muscarinic receptors are found in all effector organs of ...parasympathetic division
    heart, GI, bronchioles, bladder
  85. 85muscarinic receptors are found in few effector organs of ...sympathetic division
    thermoregulatory sweat glands
  86. 86muscarinic receptors (activated by ...) in the SA node produce activation of ... which releases ... which binds to ... which then ...ACh
    G protein
    alpha subunit
    K+ channels of SA node
    open channels, slow depolarization, dec HR
  87. 87if you are using a G protein, there is NO ...second messenger
  88. 88muscarinic receptors can also fucntion similarly to ...alpha 1 adrenoreceptors
  89. 89nicotinic receptors are found ...motor end plate of skeletal muscle
    ALL postganglioninc neurons of BOTH s/ps
    chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
  90. 90what is the mechanism of action for nicotinic receptors?ACh is ligand-gated for K+ and Na+
    when nicotinic activated by ACh, channel OPENS for both Na+ and K+ and each goes down electrochemical gradient
    Na+ in
    K+ out

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FlashCards sobre autonomics, criado por Salem Robinson em 06-11-2020.
Criado por
Salem Robinson
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