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autonomics
Fichas del conjunto (90)
- 1ANS functionentirely involuntary
control/modulate visceral organs - 2each pathway has two neurons:preganglionic
postganglionic - 3preganglionic neurons...synapse with postganglionic neurons
ALL preganglionic release ACh
ALL preganglionic are cholinergic - 4postganglionic neurons...synapse with effector organs
some release ACh - cholinergic
some release norepinephrine - adrenergic - 5sympathetic preganglionic neurons areCHOLINERGIC - NICOTINIC
- 6parasympathetic preganglionic neurons areCHOLINERGIC - NICOTINIC
- 7ACh released from PREGANGLIONIC neurons activates...nicotinic receptors
- 8ACh released from POSTGANGLIONIC neurons activates...muscarinic receptors
- 9non-adrenergic non-cholinergicpostganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the GI tract
release peptides or other substances as NT - 10parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release what? and activate what receptors?ACh - cholinergic receptors (muscarinic)
- 11sympathetic postganglionic neurons release ... and activate what receptors...some release ACh - cholinergic (muscarinic)
MOST release norepinephrine - adrenoreceptors - 12what "organ" has sympathetic postganglionic neurons that are cholinergic?thermoregulatory sweat glands
- 13where is the neuroeffector junction located?between postganglionic neurons and their effector organs
- 14what property of neuroeffector junction is analogous to presynaptic nerviest terminal of NMJ?branching networks known as varicosities - synthesize, store, release NT
- 15two other properties of neuroeffector junction that are not in NMJoverlap in branching networks from other postganglionic neurons
postsynaptic receptors are widely distributed on target tissues (no specialized region) - 16sympathetic preganglionic neurons are on ... cell bodiesthoracolumbar
- 17sympathetic preganglioninc neurons project to...prevertebral ganglia
paravertebral ganglia (chain) - 18sympathetic preganglionic neurons release...ACh
- 19sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ... sympathetic postganglioninc neurons are ... in lengthpre - SHORT
post - LONG - 20sympathetic postganglionic neurons release...epinephrine
norepinephrine - 21what are the adrenoreceptorsalpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2 - 22adrenergic varicosities contain...norepinephrine
ATP/neuropeptide Y - 23what happens when sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic neurons are stimulated?norepi and ATP released from vesicles
serve as NT at neuroeffector junction
bind to respective receptors on target tissue - 24general features of adrenal medullaspecialized sympathetic ganglion
originates in thoracolumbar
passes through chain WITHOUT synapsing
goes to greater splanchnic to adrenal gland - 25adrenal medulla ganglia synapse on ... and neurons release ... and activate ... receptorschromaffin cells
ACh
nicotinic - 26chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla release ...norepinephrine 20%
epinephrine 80% - 27adrenal medulla is responsible for...fight or flight response
fear, extreme stress, intense exercise - 28increases in... during fight or flight responseheart rate
cardiac output
blood pressure
ventilation
blood glucose concentration
mental activity/alertness - 29decreases in ... during fight or flight responseGI motility
secretions - 30redistribution of ... during light or flight responseblood flow AWAY from skin, kidneys, splanchnic region TO skeletal muscle
- 31agonists of alpha 1 adrenoreceptornorepinephrine
phenylephrine (spikes BP) - 32antagonists of alpha 1 adrenoreceptorphenoxybenzamine
prazosin - 33agonists of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsclonidine
- 34antagonists of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsyohimbine
- 35agonists of beta 1 adrenoreceptorsnorepinephrine
epinephrine
isoproterenol (treats heart failure)
dobutamine - 36antagonists of beta 1 adrenoreceptorspropanolol (beta blocker, treats high BP)
metoprolol (beta blocker, treats high BP) - 37agonists of beta 2 adrenoreceptorsepinephrine
norepinephrine
isoproterenol
albuterol (relief for asthma attack) - 38antagonists for beta 2 adrenoreceptorspropranolol (beta blocker, treats high BP)
butoxamine - 39function of parasympathetic nervous systemrest/digest, restorative, conservative
- 40function of sympathetic nervous systemprepare for stressful situations
fight or flight - 41parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in ... cell bodiescraniosacral
- 42parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are ... and postganglionic are ... in lengthpre - LONG
post - SHORT - 43parasympathetic preganglioninc neurons synapse/project to ...near, on, in effector organs
- 44parasympathetic pregandlionc neurons release ... and activate ...ACh
cholinergic receptors
nicotinic - 45parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ... and activate ... receptorsACh
muscarinic - 46parasympathetic postganglionic cholinergic nerves release ... from ... to ...ACh and non-classic NT
varicosities
target tissue - 47ACh is synthesized from ... and stored in ... that release ... and bind to ...choline + acetyl CoA
vesicles
VIP peptides with intense/high freq stimul.
receptors on target tissue - 48agonists of nicotinic cholinoreceptorsACh
Nicotine - 49antagonists of nicotinic cholinoreceptorscurare (blocks neuromuscular N1 receptors)
hexamethonium (blocks ganglionic N2 receptors) - 50agonists of muscarinic cholinoreceptorsACh
Muscarine - 51antagonists of muscarinic cholinoreceptorsatropine
- 52sympathetic dominancesympathetic rate of firing increases
simultaneous decrease of parasympathetic fibers
*massive widespread of discharges more likely to take place in sympathetic system - 53parasympathetic dominanceparasympathetic rate of firing increases
simultaneous decrease of sympathetic fibers - 54reciprocal innervationoverall effect of each system on an organ is reciprocal and has opposing responses
- 55exception to reciprocal innervationsome organs ONLY have sympathetic innervation
- 56what organs ONLY have sympathetic innervationTHERMOREGULATORY SWEAT GLANDS*
(postganglionic sympathetic ONLY, specifically eccrine glands)
VSM**
pilomotor muscles of skin
liver, adipose tissue, kidney - 57effector organs of parasympathetic system have ... receptorsMUSCARINIC only
- 58effector organs of sympathetic system have ... receptorsADRENERGIC (everything else)
MUSCARINIC (sweat glands) - 59adrenoreceptors are activated by ...catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine
- 60adrenoreceptor type is related to ...FUNCTION
- 61alpha 1 adrenoreceptors are found ...VSM of skin
skeletal muscle
splanchnic region
sphincter of GI
bladder
radial muscle of iris - 62alpha 1 adrenoreceptor processNE
alpha 1
G protein
activates phospholipase C
creates second messenger IP3 - 63very potent agonist of alpha 1 adrenoreceptorsphenylephrine
VSM constricts
BP increases - 64alpha 2 adrenoreceptors are found in ...pre/post synaptic
presyn adrenergic and cholinergic terminals
GI tract - 65two types of alpha 2 adrenoreceptorsheteroreceptors
autoreceptors - 66heteroreceptors are found ...parasympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals of GI tract
- 67heteroreceptors inhibit ... which then decreases ...adenylyl cyclase
release of ACh and muscle contraction - 68auto receptors are found ...sympathetic postganglionc nerve terminals
- 69autoreceptors inhibit ... from ...further release of norepinephrine
presynaptic nerve terminals - 70norepinephrine is conserved with autoreceptors through ... by ...negative feedback loop
release of inhibitory alpha subunit from the receptor - 71there are NO ... receptors in the adrenal medullaalpha 2
- 72autonomic receptors are present in...NMJ
cell bodies of postganglionic neurons
target tissue/effector organs - 73beta 1 adrenoreceptors are found in...the HEART:
SA node
AV node
ventricular muscle
salivary glands, adipose tissue, kidney (renin secretion) - 74when beta 1 receptors are activated in the SA node... by means of ...HR increases
increasing spontaneous rate of depolarization of cells - 75when beta 1 receptors are activated in the AV node ...conduction velocity increases
- 76when beta 1 receptors are activated in ventricular muscle ... by means of ...contractility increases
increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations - 77agonist drugsbind to NT receptor
cause same response as NT - 78antagonist drugsbind to NT receptor
prevents NT from binding/causing a response
antagonist also produces no response - 79beta 1 receptors are activated by ...norepinephrine from sympathetic fibers
OR
epinephrine fron adrenal medulla - 80much ... concentrations of catecholamines will activate ... over ...LOWER concentrations of catecholamines can activate beta 1 receptors over alpha 1 receptors
- 81beta 2 receptors prefer to be activated by ...epinephrine
- 82alpha 1 receptors are ... to catecholamines, but ... is a slightly MORE potent agonistrelatively insensitive
epinephrine - 83cholinoreceptors can be ...muscarinic
nicotinic - 84muscarinic receptors are found in all effector organs of ...parasympathetic division
heart, GI, bronchioles, bladder - 85muscarinic receptors are found in few effector organs of ...sympathetic division
thermoregulatory sweat glands - 86muscarinic receptors (activated by ...) in the SA node produce activation of ... which releases ... which binds to ... which then ...ACh
G protein
alpha subunit
K+ channels of SA node
open channels, slow depolarization, dec HR - 87if you are using a G protein, there is NO ...second messenger
- 88muscarinic receptors can also fucntion similarly to ...alpha 1 adrenoreceptors
- 89nicotinic receptors are found ...motor end plate of skeletal muscle
ALL postganglioninc neurons of BOTH s/ps
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla - 90what is the mechanism of action for nicotinic receptors?ACh is ligand-gated for K+ and Na+
when nicotinic activated by ACh, channel OPENS for both Na+ and K+ and each goes down electrochemical gradient
Na+ in
K+ out
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre autonomics, creado por Salem Robinson el 06/11/2020.
- Creado por
- Salem Robinson
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