Flashcards
Qualitative Methods
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1Qualitative MethodsConcerned with meaning, experiences.
Data is naturalistic (direct from the P's) and inductive (bottom-up, without knowledge). Recognizes subjective not objective meanings e.g. meanings of P's / interpretation of researcher.
Can be used to generate theory, gain deeper insight, can be used alongside quantitative methods (understand WHY something had an impact). - 2Qualitative DesignsInterviews, focus groups, diaries, observation (small no. of P's).
Newspaper articles, blogs, online forums, facebook posts. - 3Common methods of analysis CONTENT ANALYSISCategorising info in data (e.g. how many times something is said)
3/4 researchers analyse data (inter-rater?) - 4THEMATIC ANALYSISFoundational method identifying which themes emerge from the data
- 5GROUNDED THEORYidentified themes within 1 group, expands no. of P's to see if themes are replicated until emerging themes are exhausted
- 6DISCOURSE ANALYSISInterested in use of language, features of speech in data, how meaning is constructed e.g. pauss
- 7INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSISUnderstanding experiences of particular groups of people
- 8Thematic analysis (expanded)Identifies and analyses themes which emerge from data, requires a bit of interpretation e.g. what they didn't say. Involves finding patterns of meaning within your data set.
phases:
familiarise self with data, generate initial codes, search for themes, review themes, define and name them. - 9InterviewsCan be unstructured (no set questions, flow) / semi-structured (questions as a guide, more common qualitative method, practical, produces data which can be analysed with a range of methodologies).
- 10Focus groupsBecoming more popular, group interview P interaction is also source of data. similar to semi-structured interviews (researcher guides process), introduces topics, questions, steers groups, gets everyone to contribute.
Less artificial than 1:1 interview.
Less appropriate for sensitive/intimate topics. - 11Types of focus groupsP's either share key features (homogenous) or are different (heterogenous).
Pre-existing (friends) or new group (never met).
Concerned (subject matter important to them) or naive (no connection). - 12Running InterviewsBuild a rapport (aware of body language, sensitive issues, encourage don't pressure)
Recordings = audio, video, handwritten notes
Ensure understanding by reflecting what P has said in own words. - 13Issues with interviews/focus groupsWho to interview = may get overly interested people if you ask, individual differences, linguistic variability (word meaning varies across culture, language, social group).
- 14AnalysisQual = usually words, first step is to TRANSCRIBE e.g. listen to audio recording and write down.
Want this to be as accurate as possible.
Depth of analysis depends on method:
Thematic = only record what was said
Discourse = also record features of speech - 15Validity/reliability in qualitative researchDo themes really mean what P's said? (show them)
is there inter-rater reliability? (3/4 researchers analyse during content analysis). - 16Limitations of TAUsing extracts may fail to engage with all of data. tendency to use interview Q's as themes, overlap is a lack of validity, mismatch between data and themes.
- 17Representativeness in qualrepresentativeness of P's links to the extent claims can be made (sometimes only look at particuar group).
- 18TA = appropriate for themes in small/large population. IPA = appropriate for answering Q' about experiences of specific populationInterpretative phenomenological analysis:
Systematic method of interpretative psych.
Methods:
semi-structured interviews, analysing scripts or diaries.
Uses purposive sampling --> selected for relevance to research Q and are homogenous.
Idiographic approach = focuses on individual cases, integrates them later. - 19IPA stagesRead text make written notes, identify and label themes, list them and consider relationships, cluster themes together and label them.
- 20Integration of IPACreate 'master themes' that capture shared experience of phenomenon.
Tries to integrate summary tables of each individual case
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- FlashCards sobre Qualitative Methods, criado por lauradavies94 em 21-05-2015.
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