Flashcards
Introducing philosophy
Flashcards do conjunto (29)
- 1What does John campebell describe philosophy asPhilosophy is thinking in slow motion, it breaks down,describes and assesses moves we ordinarily make at great speed - to do with our natural motivations and beliefs. It then becomes evident that alternatives are possible
- 2Four approaches to answering the question “ what is philosophy “(4)- subject matter ( what it talks about )
- its history ( the way it’s developed )
- its method ( how it works )
- it’s activity (what it’s like to do philosophy) - 3What is metaphysicsThe study of the ultimate nature of reality
- 4Moral philosophyThe study of how we should live and act
- 5EpistemologyThe study of what we can know
- 6What underpins all the branches of philosophyReasoning
- 7What does Socrates say about an unexamined lifeAn unexamined life is not worth living
- 8Philosophy asks the questions that ______Humans cannot answer yet
- 9What are the three ages of western thoughtThe classical period ( up to the fall of the Roman Empire )
The Middle Ages ( up to the renaissance)
And the modern period - 10What medium and method does philosophy useReason
- 11Define assertion/claim/propositionA sentence that makes a claim about the way the world actually is - like a belief they can be true or false
- 12What is reasoned persuasionAn attempt to defend a claim by offering evidence or reasons in support of it
- 13What is an inferenceThe move we make in reasoning when we reckon that one claim provides evidence for us to assert some further claim
- 14What is syllogismThree line argument
- 15What is a deductive argumentAn argument where if the premises are true the conclusion must also be true
- 16What is an antecedent/consequentA hypothetical proposition has the form “if x is y”, x being the antecedent and y being the consequent
- 173 key features of valid deduction ( deductive argument )- the conclusion must follow from the premises
- if the premises are true, then it is certain that the conclusion is also true
- all of the necessary information is in the premises and no new information is gained in conclusion - 18What does is a sound argumentA deductive argument with true premises
- 19Nam three laws of thought- law of non contradiction
- law of identity
- law of the excluded middle - 20What is inductive reasoningGeneralising about how the world is/ or will be
- 21What are the two key types of induction- generalising from the past to the future
- generalising from a restricted - unrestricted number of cases - 22Key features of an inductive argument (4)- even if the premises are true, the conclusion is never garunteed to be true
- induction can come with different degrees of probability depending on the strength of evidence
- induction attempts to go beyond the premises to make claims about how the world is, or will be
- inductions move from cases in the past or present to conclusions about the present or future - 23What is a fallacyA failure in reasoning which renders an argument invalid
- 24What is an abductive argumentan observation or set of observations and then seeks to find the simplest and most likely conclusion from the observations
Going from b to A - 25Key features of an abductive argument(3)-The conclusion is never guaranteed , an even better explanation is always a possibility
- abductions attempt to go from an observation to a possible reason or cause
- abductions rely on our current beliefs concerning the way the world normally works - 26What are the three forms of syllogisms- hypothetical
- categorical
- disjunctive - 27What is a hypothetical syllogismA syllogism that contains at least one conditional statement. A conditional statement is a statement of the form “if..... then “
- 28What is a categorical syllogismThis is a syllogism “ in which each statement begins with on of the words ‘all’,’no’ or ‘ some “ - Hurley, a concise introduction to logic
- 29What is a disjunctive syllogismThis syllogism contains one statement with the form “ either ...... or “
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- AS level Philosophy FlashCards sobre Introducing philosophy , criado por Madelaine Baines em 09-01-2021.
- Criado por
- Madelaine Baines
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