Flashcards
Thermal physics
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1Term for state changes- Condensation: Gas to liquid
- Freezing: Liquid to Solid
- Melting: Solid to Liquid
- Evaporating: Liquid to Gas
- Sublimation: Solid to gas
- Deposition: Gas to solid - 2Relationship between particles and temperature- Temperature = Average Kinetic Energy
- Therefore average KE in gases is directly proportional to temperature.
- As temperature goes up so does particle movement and vice versa.
- When the temperature 0 Kelvins (-273 °C) it is absolute zero, and here there is no gas motion. - 3Brownian motion- Random collision between the microscopic particles in a suspension and the particles of the gas or liquid.
- This is what causes random motion of seeable particles. - 4Changes in pressure- Pressure is created when particles collide with the surface area of the container which creates a force per unit area.
- Things like collision rate, force of which the gas hits the surface and its momentum all account to pressure changes.
Formula for pressure is P = F/A - 5Effect on pressure (1. change in volume)(2.change in temperature)- Pressure increases when temperature increases and volume stays constant. This is because the rate of collision will be higher along with the particle colliding with more force
- As volume decreases pressure increases with temperature constant as the gas collides with the sides of the container more. - 6How to convert kelvin and degrees celsiusT (in K) = (Theta)(°C) +273
- 7Describe the thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases- The particles slowly move apart and go into a plateau of a stage change where bonds eventually break.
- 8Specific heat capacity- A rise in temperature of an object increases its internal energy
- Internal energy = Potential energy + Kinetic energy
- Specific heat capacity is the energy required per unit mass (1kg) per unit temperature increase ( 1 degrees celcius
- E = mc(delta θ)
- theta in this formula = temperature - 9Difference with boiling and evaporation- Boiling can only happen at one temperature and it happens throughout the liquid
- Evaporation can happen at any temperature but only at the surface of a liquid and only some particles will escape, eventually changing the whole state of the substance. - 10Factors affecting evaporation- Temperature
- Surface area of the liquid
- The humidity
- Presense of wind - 11Pressure under liquid- P = density(gravitiy)(height)
- 12Thermal conductors- Thermal conductions in all solids in terms of atomic or molecular lattice vibrations work because in metals there are free (delocalised) electrons.
- Thermal conduction are not as effective in gases and liquids because they are further apart. - 13Convection- Convection is an important method of thermal energy transfer in liquids and gases
- Convection occurs when particles with more heat energy move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Because this process requires the movement of particles, it can only occur in liquids or gases.
- Particles with more kinetic energy (heat) move more and have less density. - 14Radiation- Thermal radiation is infrared radiation and all objects emit radiation
- Thermal energy transfer by radiation doesn't need a medium.
- On a black and dull surface infrared radiation is aborbed more. On a white and shiny surface more of the radiation is reflected. - 15Radiation: How is temp affected- If an object absorbs and emits radiation at the same rate it remains in constant temp otherwise it doesn't
- 16Thermal conduction- Only happens in solids as the vibrating particles collide with each other passing on the energy
- In metals they conduct heat better because there are free moving electrons that can pass on the energy easily - 17Boyle's law- Volume of gas is inversely proportionate to the pressure of gas at a fixed mass and constant temperature.
- P1V1 = P2V2 is the equation - 18—
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- Year 10 Physics FlashCards sobre Thermal physics, criado por fiery Barbarian em 23-02-2022.
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- fiery Barbarian
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