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- 1Describe Mountain elevation and how they are formedElevation: Rugged peaks of varying heights and steep slopes.
- 2Describe Valley, elevation and how formedLow, flat land surrounded by hills or mountains. Faulting or folding or river.
- 3Hills - describe elevation and how formed.Rounded mound of no particular shape, either old worn down mountains or depositional features.
- 4Identify 2 tsunami warning signs.Water begins rushing away/towards coast at unusual speeds. Animals/Pets evacuate for seemingly no reason.
- 5Why would earthquakes not occur deeper than 300 km below the Earth's surface?Because the continental plates don't go that deep / after that point they assume it's liquid.
- 6List and describe the two types of igneous rock.Extrusive - formed when a volcano erupts and lava flows over surface.
Intrusive - formed when molten rock solidifies deep within lithosphere. - 7Name the most active earthquake region in the world.The most active earthquake region in the world is the pacific ring of fire.
- 8Define "foliation".Compressive stress changes rocks into layers.
- 9Explain what makes tsunamis so much more destructive than tidal waves.Tsunamis are much more destructive than tidal waves because tidal waves are common and shallow while tsunamis are caused by earthquakes and are therefore far larger.
- 10Foliation is associated with ____ rockFoliation is associated with metamorphic rock
- 114 causes of damage during/after an earthquake aside from the earth shaking.Landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, L waves can cause buildings to collapse.
- 12Difference between regional and contact metamorphic rockRegional: formed when compressed by the weight of the rock layers above or by tectonic stress/force.
Contact: formed as a result of the heat given off during the formation of intrusive igneous rock - 13List 4 specific regions highly impacted by earthquakesCan include: Japan, California, Thailand, India, British columbia.
- 14What is a wave train?A series of waves in a tsunami.
- 15What specifically is responsible for a volcanic dome blasting apart?Pressure buildup from steam.
- 16The most important factor in triggering chemical reactions in rocks and minerals is:Gas/steam
- 17Explain what the Richter scale is and how it works, list 2 other measuring tools.The richter scale is one of the methods used to measure earthquakes and is the mot popular. Based on the intensity over a given distance, rated on a scale from 1-10. Others include the seismograph and seismometer
- 18List Earthquake waves.Body waves include: S waves, secondary waves that move in a zigzag motion and through solids. P waves, primary waves that move straight and through air. Surface waves include: Love waves, travel like S waves, side to side. Rayleigh waves, behave like rolling ocean waves.
- 19Define "lithosphere".Consists of crust and upper mantle, ground and rocks.
- 20Difference between magma and lava.Magma - underground, lava- above ground
- 214 countries impacted by December 26th tsunamiThailand, India, Indonesia, Ethiopia
- 22Describe how islands of Hawaii were formedby a hot spot ( a volcano which forms in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor creating a hot spot)
- 233 details typical to a volcanic eruption1) Pyroclastic blasts - volcanic avalanches made of hot ash, turns people to charcoal
2) Releases tons of ash and gases
3) possibility of landslides
4) Lava pours down - 24name one benefit to a volcanic eruptionsome lava and ash breakdown can become soil that are rich in nutrients, allowing a lot of good growing crops to grow there
- 25Seismograph definitiontool used to measure earthquakes and creates graphs based on the results of a seismometer
- 26three elements commonly found in minerals include:silicon, oxygen, aluminum
- 27describe forms of stress lithosphere ma endure while shaping landtransform, converge or diverging stress. when stress becomes high enough the fault slips abruptly releasing energy through a quake
- 28how does stress differ from strain in lithospherestrain energy is deformed by plate tectonics and cannot slip eaily, unlike stress which slip abruptly into an earthquake
- 292 types of igneous rock and their mineral compositions include:Intrusive, granite. Extrusive, basalt.
- 30Erosion and weather.Moving water wearing away at rock, gradual breakdown of rock.
- 31superposition:the lower the rock, the older the rock.
- 32erosion is associated with what kind of rock?Extrusive
- 33What is lithification?Lithification is when the rock particles are cemented together and crystallized through tremendous heat and pressure.
- 34How many types of sedimentary rock are there, what are they?3.
1) clastic rock - rock fragments lithified together
2) organic rock - contains traces of organisms like fossils, plants and animals.
3) chemical rock - contains carbonated/evaporated minerals like calcite and salt - 35What is the concept of convection and how are they responsible for the shaping of earth's surface:Influence the direction plates move, heat rises/magma rises to surface, lowers as it cools. When convection currents in the asthensosphere transfer heat to the surface, plumes of less dense magma break apart at the plates at the spreading centers
- 36List 2 types of weatheringMechanical - physical breaking down of rock fragments without changing chemical makeup
Chemical - involves a chemical change in at least some of the minerals within a rock - 37Karl Wegener invented what theory, what are the clues to it?The Continental drift theory. All continents fit together like puzzle pieces, dinoaur fossils of same species found in different location, fossils of creatures/plants that lived in a cold temperature now live in hot temperatures or vice versa
- 38Layer beneath lithosphere?Asthensosphere
- 39How does the asthensophere differ from the lithosphere?Asthensosphere = more viscous, more ductile
- 404 characteristics which distinguish rock classifications?Hardness, colour, lustre and location
- 41Why is coal considered a biological rock?formed from accumulation of plant and animal debris
- 42Where is the Pacific Ocean's Tsunami Tracking Center located?Near Hawaii, Pacific Ocean
- 433 most abundant elements in earths surface in orderoxygen, silicon, and aluminum
- 44Explain the term isostacylighter crust must be floating on denser underlying mantle
- 45Uniformitarism and fossil correlation:Natural processes of the past still occur today.
A fossil found in one area is the same age as the same species fossil found in another - 46Differences between regional and contact metamorphism:Contact - formed as a result of heat given off during formation of intrusive rock.
Regional - formed when compressed by weight of above rock layers - 47Describe the continental drift diagram.Center has mid atlantic ridge. Magma seeps through this. Below is convection currents moving away from mid atlantic ridge. On mantle.
- 48—1) Inner Core
2) Outer Core
3) Mesosphere
4) Mantle
5) Asthenosphere
6) Lithosphere
7) Crust
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Erica C em 23-11-2015.
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