Flashcards
Chapter 29
Flashcards do conjunto (46)
- 1kidney stonescalculi
- 2clinical manifestations of kidney stonesrenal colic or pain
usually unilateral
high reoccurance - 3risk factors of kidney stonesmales
age 20-40
inadequate fluid intake
temperature
humidity
fluids
diet - 4management of kidney stonesstone analysis
stone removal - 5lower urinary tract obstructionproblems with urine storage or emptying
neurogenic or anatomic
overactive bladder syndrome - 6urethral stricturenarrowed urethra
- 7pelvic organ prolapsecystocele
- 8cystocelebladder prolapses into vagina
- 9renal tumorsadenomas - benign
carcinomas - most common - 10clinical manifestations of renal tumorshematuria
flank pain - 11bladder tumors1% of all malignant tumors
hematuria - 12UTIacute or chronic
inflammation of urinary epithelium
more common in women - 13acute cystitisinflammation of bladder
- 14clinical manifestations of acute cystitislow back or suprapubic pain
frequency
dysuria
urgency
hematuria
cloudy urine - 15interstitial cystitisnon-bacterial
unknown cause - 16clinical manifestations of interstitial cystitisbladder fullness
frequency
small urine volume
chronic pelvic pain - 17acute polyonephritisupper urinary tract infection
ureter, renal pelvis, and or renal paranchyma - 18clinical manifestations of pyelonephritisfever
chills
flank pain
nausea and vomiting
costovertebral tenderness
purulent urine - 19glomerulonephritisinflammation of glomerulus
- 20acute glomerulonephritisassociated with strep
antigen/antibody complex form and deposit in glomerulus
activation of complement - 21hematuriasmoky, brown-tinged urine
- 22decreased GFRdecreased glomerular perfusion due to inflammation
glomerular sclerosis or scarring
thickening of glomerular basement membrane - 23proteinurialow serum albumin
edema - 24oliguriaurine output <30ml/hour
- 25stages of acute glomerulonephritishematuria
proteinuria
eventually oliguria - 26nephrotic syndromeexcretion of plasma proteins in urine
increased glomerular capillary permeability - 27acute renal failuresudden and rapidly progressive within hours
often reversible - 28acute renal failure classified aspre renal failure
intra renal failure
post renal failure - 29pre renal ARFmost common
sudden reduction in perfusion to the kidneys
GFR declines
results in oliguria - 30intrarenal ARFdamage to the renal parenchyma
acute tubular necrosis
vascular disease
toxic injury - 31post renal ARFrare
occurs with urinary obstructions that affect both kidneys
increases intraluminal pressure upstream/decreases GFR - 32clinical manifestations of ARFazotemia
uremia
oliguria
hyperkalemia
metabilic acidosis
hypertension - 33uremic frostaccumulation of urea and other nitrogenous waste products
accumulate in sweat
form crystals on skin - 34Chronic Kidney Diseaseirreversible loss of renal function
affects most all organ systems - 35renal failuresignificant loss of function
increased BUN/creatinine
oliguria - 36reduced renal reserveGFR reduced to 50%
no clinical symptoms
BUN may be elevated - 37renal insufficiencyGFR declines to 25%
compensation of remaining nephrons
mild clinical symptoms
increased BUN/creatinine
mild anemia
impaired renal function during stress - 38end-stage renal diseaseGFR < 5
sever uremia
severe imbalances
miltiorgan/multisystem failure - 39cardivascular failurehypertension, heart failure
atherosclerosis, stroke, CAD - 40neurologic failureneuropathies
encephalopathy - 41hematologic failureanemia
platelet defects - 42gastrointestinal failurenausea and vomiting
anorexia
uremic - 43metabolic failurealtered protein, lipid, CHO metabolism
- 44integumentary/musculoskeletal failurehyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia
hyperparathyroidism; brittle bones
skin changes - 45immune failureimmunosuppression
- 46endocrine failureinsulin resistance
decreased sex hormones
Informações
- Descrição
- Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
- Criado por
- cookn
- Visualizações
- 81
- Avaliação