Flashcards
Introduction
Flashcards do conjunto (51)
- 1AdolescenceA period of the life course between the time puberty begins and the time adult status is approached, when young people are in the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities of adulthood in their culture.
- 2Life cycle serviceA period in their late teens and 20s in which young people from the 16th to the 19th century engaged in domestic service, farm service, or apprenticeships in various trades and crafts.
- 3Child study movementLate 19th century group, led by G. Stanley Hall, that advocated research on child and adolescent development and the improvement of conditions for children and adolescents in the family, school, and workplace.
- 4RecapitulationNow discredited theory that held that the development of each individual recapitulates the evolutionary development of the human species as a whole.
- 5Storm and stressTheory promoted by G. Stanley Hall asserting that adolescence is inevitably a time of mood disruptions, conflict with parents, and antisocial behavior.
- 6SurveyA questionnaire study that involves asking a large number of people questions about their opinions, beliefs, or behavior.
- 7Stratified samplingSampling technique in which researchers select participants so that various categories of people are represented in proportions equal to their presence in the population.
- 8Random sampleSampling technique in which the people selected for participation in a study are chosen randomly, meaning that no one in the population has a better or worse chance of being selected than anyone else.
- 9MenarcheA girl's first menstrual period.
- 10Emerging adulthoodPeriod from roughly ages 18 to 25 in industrialized countries during which young people become more independent from parents and explore various life possibilities before making enduring commitments.
- 11LamarckianReference to Lamarck's ideas, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that evolution takes place as a result of accumulated experience such that organisms pass on their characteristics from one generation to the next in the form of memories and acquired characteristics.
- 12Early adolescencePeriod of human development lasting from about age 10 to about age 14.
- 13Late adolescencePeriod of human development lasting from about age 15 to about age 18.
- 14IndividualismCultural belief system that emphasizes the desirability of independence, self-sufficiency, and self-expression.
- 15CollectivismA set of beliefs asserting that it is important for persons to mute their individual desires in order to contribute to the well being and success of the group.
- 16InterdependenceThe web of commitments, attachments, and obligations that exist in some human groups.
- 17Scientific methodA systematic way of finding the answers to questions or problems that includes standards of sampling, procedure, and measures.
- 18HypothesesIdeas, based on theory or previous research, that a scholar wishes to test in a scientific study.
- 19SampleThe people included in a given study, who are intended to represent the population of interest.
- 20PopulationThe entire group of people of interest in a study.
- 21RepresentativeCharacteristic of a sample that refers to the degree to which it accurately represents the population of interest.
- 22GeneralizableCharacteristic of a sample that refers to the degree to which findings based on the sample can be used to make accurate statements about the population of interest.
- 23ProcedureStandards for the way a study is conducted. Includes informed consent & certain rules for avoiding biases in the data collection.
- 24MethodA scientific strategy for collecting data.
- 25Peer reviewedWhen a scholarly article or book is evaluated by other scholars for scientific credibility and importance.
- 26Informed consentStandard procedure in social scientific studies that entails informing potential participants of what their participation would involve, including any possible risks.
- 27Consent formWritten statement provided by a researcher to potential participants in a study, informing them of who is conducting the study, the purposes of the study, and what their participation would involve, including potential risks.
- 28Closed questionQuestionnaire format that entails choosing from specific responses provided for each question.
- 29Open ended questionQuestionnaire format that involves writing in response to each question.
- 30InterviewResearch method that involves asking people questions in a conversational format, such that people's answers are in their own words.
- 31QualitativeData that is collected in non-numerical form, usually in interviews or observations.
- 32QuantitativeData that is collected in numerical form, usually on questionnaires.
- 33Ethnographic researchResearch in which scholars spend a considerable amount of time among the people they wish to study, usually living among them.
- 34EthnographyA book that presents an anthropologist's observations of what life is like in a particular culture.
- 35ReliabilityCharacteristic of a measure that refers to the extent to which results of the measure on on occasion are similar to results of the measure on a separate occasion.
- 36ValidityThe truthfulness of a measure, that is, the extent to which it measures what it claims to measure.
- 37Experimental research methodA research method that entails assigning participants randomly to an experimental group that received a treatment and a control group that does not receive the treatment, then comparing the two groups in a post test.
- 38Experiments groupIn experimental research, the group that receives the treatment.
- 39Control groupIn experimental research, the group that does not receive the treatment.
- 40InterventionsPrograms intended to change the attitudes and/or behavior of the participants.
- 41Natural experimentA situation that occurs naturally but that provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.
- 42Monozygotic (MZ) twinsTwins with exactly the same genotype. AKA identical twins
- 43Dizygotic (DZ) twinsTwins with about half their genotype in common, the same as for other siblings. AKA fraternal twins
- 44Correlation vs. causationA correlation is a predictable relationship between two variables, such that knowing one of the variables makes it possible to predict the other. However, just because two variables are correlated does not mean that one causes the other.
- 45Longitudinal studyA study in which data is collected from the participants on more than one occasion.
- 46Patriarchal authorityCultural belief in the absolute authority of the father over his wife and children.
- 47Filial pietyConfucian belief, common in many Asian societies, that children are obligated to respect, obey, and revere their parents, especially the father.
- 48Caste systemHindu belief that people are born into a particular caste based on their moral and spiritual conduct in their previous life. A person's caste then determines their status in Indian society.
- 49GlobalizationIncreasing worldwide technological and economic integration, which is making different parts of the world increasingly connected and increasingly similar culturally.
- 50BiculturalHaving an identify that includes aspects of two different cultures.
- 51ResilienceOvercoming adverse environmental circumstances to achieve healthy development.