Flashcards
Solutions
Flashcards do conjunto (26)
- 1solutionhomogenous mixture of solute and solvent
- 2soluteusually a solid that is placed in a solvent
- 3/solventusually a liquid that dissolves a solute
- 4miscibleable to mix
- 5immiscibleunable to mix
- 6variable compositiondifferent parts (hetero)
- 7Saturated:The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temp
- 8unsaturatedless than the max amount of solute at a given temp
- 9supersaturatedmore than the max amount of solute at a given temp
- 10solubility temp increase- increases solubility for solids in liquids
- decreases solubility for gases in liquids - 11Pressurepressure increases solubility for gases
has no effect on solubility of solids - 12Molecule sizethe bigger it is the less soluble it becomes
- 13surface areaincreases solubility (ripped into tiny chunks)
- 14Types of solvent/solute particlespolar solvents dissolve polar solutes
non polar and non polar - 15dissolving how?In order for a substance to dissolve in another substance there must be attraction between the molecules of the solute and solvent
Ionic and polar soulates will dissolve in polar solvents because particles of both substances are charged
Non polar solutes will dissolve in non polar solvents. Although the particles have no dipoles or charges, they share the common characteristic of being non polar and therefor dissolve in one another - 16dissociation equationsonic compounds dissolve when they come in contact with water, this means the ions break apart and their charge is satisfied by the polar ends of water molecules ions.
An exemption to this rule: some ionic compound do not dissolve. The attraction between the ions in these compounds is so strong that the water molcule attraction cannot break the bond. Therefor they remain solid (AgCl) - 17solubility curveA solubility curve shows the relationship between the solubility of the solids and the tempermature of the solution
- 18Molar concentrationThe most useful unit of concentration in chemistry # of moles of solute per L of solution
- 19dilutionWhen we dilute solutions the solute particles move apart but we are not adding any more solute the # of particles stays the same
The # of moles stays the same but the concentration changes
Volume increases - 20ionic compound propertieshigh melting point
Dissolve in water
hard/brittle
Conduct electricity when dissolved in H2O - 21why not all ionic compounds dissolveNot all Ionic compounds completely idissolve some are insoluble because the bonds between the ions are too strong to be replaced by water molecules
- 22acidsWhen acidic solutions are made ionization takes place, ionization is the process in which ions are formed from polar molecules by the action of a solvent
Acids produce hydrogen ions which bond with water to make hydronium ions
A strong acid ionzes extremely well - 23basesA substance that produces hydroxide ions they are bitter slippery conduct electricity in a solution
A strong base dissosiates 100% in an aqueous solution
Weak base ioonizes poorly - 24acids vs Basestaste : sour vs bitter
Reaction with metals and carbonates: yes vs no
Conduct electricity in solution; yes yes
Litmus paper: red blue
Phenolphtalien clear pink
Bromythol blue: yellow blue - 25neutralizationSpecial type of double displacement in which water and ionic salt are the products
pH inicators help to determine the end point of a neutralization reaction. (when the moles of acid are equal to base) colour change - 26TitrationA specific neutraliztion reaction experiment carried out to determine the concentration of an acid/base given the concentration of the other solution
The solution with the known concentration is the titrant
Goal is to reach neutralization
A burette is used to measure the volume of a base added to the acid
Measured at the bottom of the meniscus
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- FlashCards sobre Solutions, criado por Sam Kesicki em 23-05-2016.
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- Sam Kesicki
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