Flashcards
Energy Security Flash Cards
Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1China's growth in energy demand?1/3 of global growth since 2000.
Fastest rate of increase - 2Rate of China's rise in demand?5-7% annually
- 3Ranking in oil consumption?Largest consumer by 2025
- 4Cause of India's rise in demand for energy?Increased industrial output. Shift from agriculture to power creation
- 5Indo-US Nuclear Deal 2008Continuous and secure exchange of uranium, nuclear and non-nuclear equipment and resources
- 6Cause of 1973 Oil CrisisOPEC oil embargo due to western Europe and US support for Israel in Yom Kippur War
- 7Effect of 1973 Oil CrisisPrice of oil rose from $3-$12 a barrel
55mph max speed limit - rationing
Truck drivers on strike
Unemployment up to 9% by 1975
GDP fell by 3% - 8OPEC share of oil reserves?81%
- 9Transalaskan Pipeline terrain?Crosses 3 mountains and several large rivers
Pipeline above ground - ground frozen up to 300m below - 10Length of TA pipeline?Takes 6 days for oil to travel from north to south
- 11Effect of TA pipeline for US?Increase known US oil reserves by 50%
91,500 jobs created - 12Oil and gas reserves in the Arctic?30% of world's undiscovered natural gas. 90 billion barrels of oil
- 13Difficulties with Arctic Oil?Freezing temperatures
Remote locations
Presence of moving sea ice severely increase risk of oil drilling - have to move icebergs or oil rigs with ships to avoid collision - 14Economic costs of Arctic oil?$40 a barrel to extract, $2 in Saudi Arabia
Costs of extraction could outweigh profits - 15Economic benefits of Arctic oil?Benefit local economies - employment
More energy secure - 16Environmental costs of Arctic oil?Habitats destroyed
Oil spills and toxins from drilling - oil reacts differently in cold waters
2010 BP oil spill in Gulf of Mexico - 4 million barrels - 17Environmental benefits of Arctic oil?Oil mostly less than 500m below sea level
High levels of R&D has led to safer practise in extractions - 18Social costs of Arctic Oil?People relying on the environment - being destroyed
Local communities fishing - fish may migrate away - 19Social benefits of Arctic Oil?World's high demand drives oil exploitation
Jobs available in building and maintenance
Higher levels of development in local areas - 20What is Oil Shale?Bitumen encased in solid rock. Rocks burnt to drive off oil and collected
- 21Economic costs of US oil shale?Oil shale lead to booms - Colorado 1982
Left families, businesses and communities in economic free-fall.
$80-$100 a barrel - 22Economic benefits of US oil shale?Job creation
Reduces consumer costs of gas/electricity - economic growth - 23Environmental costs of US oil shale?Harms healthy animal populations
Large mining areas, destroys landscapes
Acid run off if burnt directly - 24Environmental benefits of US oil shale?Impacts on climate change are lower than traditional oil when the best technologies are used
- 25Social costs of US oil shale?Reduce oil and food in the area
Poor water quality from industrial leaks - long term contamination in some cases - 26Social benefits of US oil shale?People drawn to move/visit area
No dirty industries or skies - 27Chernobyl 1986Ukraine
31 deaths
500,000 workers contaminated
Thyroid cancer in children
19 mile radius exclusion zone - 28Fukushima 2011Japan earthquake/tsunami 13-15m high
Came over protecting sea wall
Coolant mechanism failed
Overheated and exploded - 29Hurricane Katrina 200556 oil platforms destroyed
8 million gallons of oil spilled in gulf region
Prices up $3 a gallon - 30Business as UsualContinued use of coal, oil and gas
More pressure on Arctic
Scrambling for reserves in Africa - 31Consequences of 'Business as Usual'War over who has rights to exploit what
New cold war - no clear definitions of territorial boundaries
Limited progress on global warming
Ecosystem destruction - 32The Nuclear OptionWholesale shift towards nuclear to replace fossil fuels
Global spread of nuclear power and technology - 33Consequences of 'The Nuclear Option'Power stations become 'soft targets' for terrorism - enriched uranium in wrong hands
Political difficulties due to public perception
Environmental impacts due to waste disposal of uranium - 34Renewable RenaissanceIncreased HEP, biofuels, solar etc
Improved technology to make more viable in future - 35Consequences of the 'Renewable Renaissance'Biofuels push up food prices, large areas of land used
Reduction in CO2 emissions