Flashcards
Soil Science Chapter 3
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1What is a soil pedon?the smallest 3-D sampling unit that displays the full range of properties and characteristics of particular soil
-fundamental unit of soil classification - 2What is a soil polygon?a group of similar pedons; soil individual
- 3What characteristics are used to classify soils?-diagnostic surface horizon
-diagnostic subsurface horizon
-soil moisture regimes
-soil temperature regimes
-parents materials
-clay type
-organic matter content - 4What is the broadest category of classification in US soil taxonomy?order: all the world's soils fit into 12 largely based on major course of development of soil properties
-emphasis placed on presence or absence of major diagnostic horizons - 5What is the most specific category of soil classification in US soil taxonomy?series: named after geographic feature
- 6What are the 12 soil orders?entisols
histols
vertisols
gellisols
inceptisols
andisols
aridisols
mollisols
alfisols
ultisols
spodosols
oxisols - 7alfisols characteristics-fertile forested soils
-medium to high base saturation
-semiarid-humid areas
-clay and nutrient enriched subsoil - 8ultisols characteristics-similar to alfisols but lower pH and OM, redder color
-highly weathered=low nutrients
-low base saturation
-agriculturally productive - 9entisols-recently formed, minimal horizon development
-steep slopes, sand dunes, flood plains - 10inceptisols-embryonic soil showing beginning of development
-little to no illuviation
-shallow bedrock, steep slopes - 11mollisols characteristics-dark surface enriched with OM
-nutrient rich parent materials
-grasslands
-naturally fertile
-holds lots of water - 12andisols characteristics-formed from volcanic ash
-very light, low bulk density
-high porosity, surface area water holding capacity
-high fertility - 13aridisols characteristics-dry, arid regions
-salt and carbonate accumulation
-salinization
-too dry for agriculture - 14gelisols characteristics-cold climates
-dark OM surface layer
-mineral layers underlain by permafrost - 15histosols characteristics-organic soils (peat, bogs, wetlands)
-poorly drained
-if drained, rapid decomposition - 16oxisols characteristics-intensely weathered
-tropics
-acidic
-high clay content
-low nutrient retention - 17spodosols characteristics-dark surface layer
-light alluvial horizon
-reddish aluminum/iron enriched horizon
-infertile
-very sandy - 18vertisols characteristics-shrinking and swelling dark clay soils
-shiny subsurfaces called slickenslides as a result of pets rubbing against each other as there swell
-clay mineral montmorillonite - 1912 orders in oil from least to most weathered-entisols (recent)
-histosols (organic)
-gelisols (permafrost)
-inceptisols (beginning B)
-andisols (volcanic ejecta)
-vertisols (swelling clays)
-aridisols (dry)
-alfisols (mildly acid clays)
-mollisols (soft, dark)
-ultisols (strongly acid clays)
-spodosols (spodic horizon)
-oxisols (oxides) - 20What is the web soil survey?compilation of maps and interpretive data involving the identification of different types of soil at a given landscape and the location of their distribution to scale on a map
- 21How are the soil formation factors represented in digital soil mapping?-must know as much as possible about soil, topography, vegetation in area
- 22—
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- Soil Science FlashCards sobre Soil Science Chapter 3, criado por Sabrina Paredes em 02-10-2016.
- Criado por
- Sabrina Paredes
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