Flashcards
Chapter 2: Cognitive Development
Flashcards do conjunto (50)
- 1Cognitive DevelopmentChanges that occur in thinking, reasoning, and decision making
- 2Glial CellsThe spaces between the neurons, dendrites, and synapses in your brain. They help with blood flow, communication between neurons, fighting infection, and myelin coating around axon fibres
- 3CoactionsJoint actions that involve both nature and nurture that shape each other
- 4Sensitive PeriodsA time when someone is especially ready or responsive to certain experiences
- 5Private SpeechA child's self talk, which guides their actions and thoughts, they become internalized thought as we grow older
- 6DevelopmentThe ordered and adaptive changes that happen in humans which occur from conception to death
- 7Physical DevelopmentAs one grows, these are the changes that occur in body structure
- 8Personal DevelopmentThe changes that occur in personality as one grows
- 9Social DevelopmentChanges that occur over time that relate to other people
- 10MaturationThe genetically programmed and naturally occurring changes that happen over time
- 11NeuronsNerve Cells that store and transfer information
- 12NeurogenesisThe production of new neurons
- 13SynapsesThe microscopic spaces between neurons that involve chemical messages communicating between the gaps
- 14MyelinationThe process in which neural fibres are coated with a fatty sheath called myelin that makes message transfer more efficient
- 15LateralizationThe fact that two hemispheres of the brain cortex has specific functions
- 16PlasticityThe brains tendency to remain somewhat adaptable or flexible in times of need
- 17OrganizationThe ongoing process of arranging new information and experiences into mental systems of categories, Piaget created this.
- 18AdaptationThe adjustment to the environment
- 19Schemesmental systems or structures of perceptual items and experiences
- 20AssimilationThe adding of new information to a scheme by fitting in new information into existing schemes
- 21AccommodationThe alteration of schemes or creating new ones in response to new information
- 22EquilibrationThe search for a mental balance between schemes and the new information from environment
- 23DisequilibriumThe stage in which a subject is out of balance mentally, when a person encounters a current way of thinking that are not working to solve a problem or understand something
- 24Sensorimotor StageA stage that primarily involves sense and motor activity
- 25Object PermanenceAn understanding that objects have a separate and permanent existence
- 26Goal-Directed ActionsA deliberate action that is set towards a goal
- 27OperationsA type of action that is deliberate and has been thought of, instead of just acting on impulse
- 28PreoperationalThe stages in childhood that are focused around a child acting impulsively, with little to no thought of preplanned action
- 29Semiotic FunctionThe ability to use symbols (language, pictures, signs, or gestures) to represent an object or action mentally
- 30Reversible ThinkingThought that is backwards, thinking through something like an act from the finish to the start
- 31ConversationThe principle that some characteristics of an object will remain the same, even if changes in appearance occur
- 32DecenteringThe ability to focus on one or more aspect at a time
- 33EgocentricAn assumption that others view the world in the same way that you do
- 34Concrete OperationsMental tasks that are connected to concrete objects or situations
- 35IdentityThe principle that a person or object remains the same over time
- 36CompensationThe principle that changes in one dimensions of an object can be offset by chances in another dimension
- 37ReversibilityA Piagetian idea, the ability to work through a set of steps and mentally reverse the steps to return to the starting point
- 38ClassificationThe grouping of objects into categories
- 39SeriationThe ability to arrange objects into sequential order which involves one aspect
- 40Formal OperationsMental tasks that involve abstract thinking and coordination of a number of variables
- 41Hypothetic-Deductive ReasoningA formal operations problem solving technique: A way to look at all factors that contribute to a problem, then deduces and systematically evaluates specific solutions
- 42Adolescent EgocentrismThe assumption that everyone else is interested in your own thoughts, this occurs at the teenage years.
- 43Neo-Piagetian TheoriesThe contemporary theories that were based on Piaget's findings, that provide insight to childhood thinking and construction of knowledge. It integrates attention, memory, and strategy.
- 44Sociocultural theoryA theory that emphasizes the role in development of cooperative dialogues between children and the more knowledgeable members of a society. Children learn the culture through their communal interactions.
- 45Co-ConstructedA social type of interaction which involves negotiating a problem to understand it better or to solve the problem. Involves integration of social thoughts
- 46Cultural ToolsThe real tools and symbol systems that allow people to think, communicate, problem solve, and create knowledge.
- 47Collective MonologueA form of childhood speech in which children talk in a group, but are not necessarily interacting with others.
- 48Zone of Proximal DevelopmentThe phases in which a child can master a task if given appropriate help and support. Vygotsky created this.
- 49ScaffoldingA type of learning tool, in which you provide help in any way that allow the learner to grow independence as a learner
- 50Assisted LearningLearning that has strategic help provided at initial stages, the help then gradually diminishes as the student gains independence
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Chapter 2: Cognitive Development , criado por Michael Wickham em 13-10-2016.
- Criado por
- Michael Wickham · out 2016
- Atualizado
- 14 out 2016
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