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Flashcards

Virtue Ethics Revision

Abigail Courtness Religious Education (RE) A2 Inglês 68 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (68)

  1. 1Define VirtueA positive characteristic that suggests moral excellence or goodness
  2. 2What type of theory if Virtue Ethics?Agent centred
  3. 3What did Plato focus on achieving and how did he believe this was achieved?The 'highest good' - achieved through the pursuit of certain values
  4. 4What did Plato consider to be central to his theory of Virtue Ethics?The Four Cardinal Virtues
  5. 5What are the Four Cardinal Virtues?Temperance, Justice, Fortitude and Prudence
  6. 6What was the name of Aristotle's theory of Virtue Ethics?Nichomachean Ethics
  7. 7What were Aristotle's two categories of virtue?Moral and Intellectual Virtues
  8. 8Define Moral Virtue- Not innate, acquired through practise and repition
    - Developed by habit
  9. 9Define Intellectual Virtue- Virtue of the mind
    - Developed by training/education
  10. 10What did Aristotle say about virtue?"Some people believe that nature makes people good, others believe that it is habit, and still others say that it is teaching... Students must have been conditioned by habits just as land must be cultivated to neuture the seed"
  11. 11How does Aristotle believe one achieved Eudemonia?- Something good achieves the tells (end goal)
    - The telos of humanity is to be rational
    - The Ergon (function) of phronesis is is to identify virtue
  12. 12Define PhronesisPractical reason/wisdom
  13. 13What did Aristotle say about the good of humans?"The good for human beings is an activity of the soul in accordance with arête"
  14. 14Define ArêteVirtue
  15. 15Nichomachean Ethics Book 1, Part 6"But we must add 'in a complete life.' For one swallow does not make a summer, nor does one day, and so too one day, or a short time does not make a man blessed and happy."
  16. 16What did Aristotle see a virtue to be?A thing that falls between extremes - sees extremes of qualities to be a bad thing
  17. 17What does Aristotle refer to the extremes as?Vices
  18. 18What does Aristotle call the extremes?Vice of deficiency and vice of excess
  19. 19What does Aristotle believe we should aim for?The Golden Mean
  20. 20Common example of vice of deficiency, golden mean and vice of excess?Cowardice, Courage, Foolishness/Recklessness
  21. 21What did Robert Arrington say about the golden mean?"The golden mean is not the same thing as moderation"
  22. 22According to Aristotle how do we build character?Through experience of life
  23. 23According to Aristotle how do we learn?Through emulation and education
  24. 24What do Plato and Aristotle both use in the realms of Virtue Ethics?The Four Cardinal Virtues
  25. 25What are the seven capital vices?Pride, Envy, Sloth, Avarice, Lust, Anger, Gluttony
  26. 26What did Thomas White say about Virtue Ethics?Vice harms the doer - capatalism is often seen as being unethical - people are left to choose between being ethical or being sucessful - but being moral in our actions can help all parties involved - ethics and bussines can be related
  27. 27What is the role of reason according to Aristotle?To make a distinction between form and material substance
  28. 28What does he say makes you human?The way in which material is organised in your body
  29. 29What is the 'form' of the body?It is more than the physical body - its is all of what the person is - the human soul
  30. 30Why is it important?To help make some form of direction in a person's life
  31. 31What is reason needed for?To be fully human
  32. 32Who said that reason is the action as well as the thought?Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
  33. 33What does this therefore make ethics?Reason put into practice
  34. 34What does reason require?Both understanding and responding
  35. 35What is this closely linked to?Eudemonia
  36. 36What did Aristotle say was the highest form?Intellectual reasoning
  37. 37What is intellectual reasoning?Contemplating timeless truths
  38. 38What is the ideal human telos then?To live the life of a Greek philosopher
  39. 39What are the five-primary intellectual virtues?-Technical skill (techne)
    -Scientific knowledge (episteme)
    -Prudence (phronesis)
    -Intelligence (nous)
    -Wisdom (sophia)
  40. 40What are the four secondary intellectual virtues?-Resourcefulness (euboulla)
    -Understanding (sunesis)
    -Judgement (gnome)
    -Cleverness (deriotes)
  41. 41What are the moral virtues?-Courage
    -Modesty
    -Righteous indignation
    -Proper ambition
  42. 42Who looked at the importance of the human soul?Plato
  43. 43What different parts of the soul did hey say there were?Rational and irrational sides of the soul
  44. 44What did he claim the rational part of the soul or mind govern?The spirited, emotional and appetitive parts
  45. 45Why was this so?In order to lead all desires and actions to eudemonia
  46. 46What must we do so that we become happy and lead good lives?Practice our skills
  47. 47According to Plato what happens through habit?The cultivating of virtues
  48. 48What does Aristotle draw a distinction between?Superior and subordinate ethics
  49. 49What is a superior aim?One that provides happiness
  50. 50What is the end goal or purpose?To achieve eudemonia - it is behind all be do as humans
  51. 51What is eudemonia coupled with?Goodness
  52. 52What did Aristotle say about goodness?We would be happy because we are good
  53. 53What is supreme good?Happiness
  54. 54How many forms of happiness did Aristotle identify?Three
  55. 55What was his first form of happiness?Living a life of enjoyment and pleasure (love of pleasure)
  56. 56What was his second form of happiness?Being a free member of society (honour)
  57. 57What was his third form of happiness?Being a philosopher (contemplation)
  58. 58What did he say we must do to achieve supreme good?Cultivate virtues
  59. 59What kind of people did Aristotle dislike?People who only sought a life of enjoyment and pleasure?
  60. 60What did he say about these kinds of people?"the most vulgar seemingly conceive the good an happiness as pleasure"
  61. 61What does Aristotle see as an essential part of our moral growth?Our communal relationships
  62. 62Why did he say we must utilise our friendships?To become 'good' for our communities
  63. 63What did he believe that most important facet of happiness was?Contemplation
  64. 64What did he say we needed both of?Moral and intellectual virtues
  65. 65What do they allow us to be?Well rounded individuals
  66. 66What is our best and happiest life according to Aristotle?It involved living well within the community
  67. 67What was being part of a group seen as by Aristotle?More important than the needs of the individual
  68. 68What did he say for those not suited to a life of contemplation?Friendship becomes the place to exercise moral virtue

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A2 Religious Education (RE) (Virtue Ethics ) FlashCards sobre Virtue Ethics Revision, criado por Abigail Courtness em 14-11-2016.
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