Flashcards
Energy Security flash cards
Flashcards do conjunto (43)
- 1Fossil Fuelfuels consisting of hydrocarbons formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms
- 2GAZPROMstate company with a monopoly on Russian gas exports
- 3Strait of Hormuza chokepoint located between Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.
55km wide and 30% worlds oil passes through this. - 4Transalaskan pipelineIn Alaska, USA. Oil takes 6 days to travel through it and goes over mountains and rivers. 1,270km journey
- 5arctic circleHolds 25% of world's unrecovered oil
- 6Renewable energysources of energy such as solar and wind power that are not depleted as they are used
- 7Energy mixthe relative contribution of different energy sources to a countries energy production/consumption
- 8environmental impact assessmenta document required by law detailing all the impacts on the environment of an energy type or another project above a certain size
- 9Supply Shocka significant interruption in the supply due to an environmental, economic or political
- 10geopoliticspolitical relations among nations, particularly relating to claims and disputes pertaining to borders, territories
- 11Energy crisisa serious shortage of energy which interrupts domestic supplies and impacts on all sectors of the economy
- 12extending fossil fuelstechnologies: coal gasification, clean coal technologies, unconventional gas
- 13proved reserves of oiloil that geological and engineering information shows can be removed in the future from known reservoirs with reasonable certainty
- 14Reserves to production ratioReserves remaining / the production in that year = the time the remaining reserves would last if we carried on with that rate of production
- 15Strategic Petroleum ReservesThe USA's reserves of oil that would last three months in the event of severe interruptions to imported oil
- 16Energy infrastructurethe built environment constructed for the exploration, development and production of energy, and all the networks that transport energy from points of production and consumption
- 17Energy pathwayssupply routes between energy producers and consumers which may be pipes, shipping routes or electricity cables
- 18Oil sands/Tar sandsa mixture of sand and clay impregnated with bitumen
- 19Energy TNCstransnational corporations that specialise in the exploration, development and production and sale of energy products
- 20OPECOrganisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, made up of 1 members: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Algeria, Nigeria, Venezuela, Libya, Angola and Ecuador
- 21Resource NationalisationWhen a country decides to bring part or all of a resource under the ownership of the state
- 22Peak Oilthe point by which the world or an individual country reaches its peak production of oil which the follows by a decline.
- 23Clean coal technologypower plant processes that both increase the efficiency of coal burning and significantly reduce emissions
- 24Coal gasificationA process by which coal is transformed into a gas material that can be used for power generation
- 25Unconventional natural gasnatural gas that is more difficult to access and therefore is more expensive than conventional reserves
- 26Fast breeder reactora nuclear reactor in which the chain of reaction is simply stimulated with fast neutrons.
- 27Oil price volatilitya measure of how rapidly and strongly traders believe prices could move
- 28refined oil inventoriesa stock of refined oil
- 29Carbon credita permit that allows a organisation to emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases. (An emission permit)
- 30Carbon tradingwhen a country does not use all the emissions its entitled to and therefore can sell whats left to another country that has gone over their entitlement
- 31Green taxationtaxes levied to discourage behaviour that will be harmful to the environment
- 32Microgenerationgenerators producing electricity output at less than 50KW
- 33where is most oil produced?in the Middle East with 30.8% of production
- 34where is most natural gas produced?Russia and USA with 40% of production
- 35where is most coal produced?china with 50% production
- 36why does energy supply vary?political, physical and environmental production
- 37MEDCs supply and demandhas slowed due to HEP
- 38NICs supply and demandgrowing consumption due to industrialisation
- 39LEDCs supply and demandstruggle to meet their needs due to economic development
2 billion lack electricity - 40why are there trends in time?-tech advances
-increased wealth
-changes in demand
-changes in price
-environmental impact or public opinion - 41concerns for future energy-conservation of resources
-NICs
-consumption is improving after 2008 recession
- population growth
-peak oil - 42when did the USA reach peak oil?1970
- 43technologies to extend the life of fossil fuels?-coal gasification
-clean coal technologies
-extraction of unconventional gas
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- A level Geography (Energy Security) FlashCards sobre Energy Security flash cards, criado por Maria Philpott em 20-01-2017.
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- Maria Philpott
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