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Flashcards

COMP S2 T2

Conor Hollis Inglês 96 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (96)

  1. 1What does Mounting a Drive do?Attaches the drive to the existing file system on the computer.
  2. 2T/F.... Does rebooting reset your computers memory?True
  3. 3What does 'Deadly Embrace / Deadlock' mean?2 processes waiting for each other to finish before proceeding
  4. 4What is 'Firmware' ?Programming stored in a chip
  5. 5What is 'System Firmware' ?The underlying system used to initialize computer and load the OS
  6. 6Where is is located?Located in EEPROM / Flash on motherboard
  7. 7What are 'Partition Records' ?Records of partitions on your drive
  8. 8What is the relationship between Firmware and the Partition Record?Firmware must read partition record
  9. 9What is the traditional PC Firmware?BIOS (Basica Input Output System)
  10. 10What type of partition works with PC Firmware?MBR (Master Boot Record)
  11. 11What is modern PC firmware?UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
  12. 12What type of Partition Record does UEFI work with?GPT (GUID Partition Table)
  13. 13What type of partition record does UEFI work with if operating in BIOS Compatibility Mode?MBR (Master Boot Record)
  14. 14What is Mac Firmware?EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)
  15. 15What type of patron record does EFI work with?GPT (GUID Partition Table)
  16. 16What are 4 general functions of Firmware?1. Test Hardware
    2. Initiates Boot Process * (Can Vary)
    3. Provide Basic Drivers
    4. Allows Use Interaction * (Can Vary)
  17. 17What does P.O.S.T stand for?Power On Self Test
  18. 18What does P.O.S.T do?A Low level test on hardware, which consists of Beep codes / Flashing LED / Error Messages
  19. 19T/F..... Upon hearing Beep Codes, 1 Beep is generally good?True
  20. 20What are Basic Drivers required for?Required to get system functioning
  21. 213 things to remember about BIOS?1. Limited to 1MB or RAM
    2. Recognizes Drives, but not Partitions
    3. NVRAM Known as CMOS
  22. 223 things to remember about MBR?1. Limited to 4 Primary Partitions *
    2. < 2TB disk support
    3. Contains stage 1 boot loader
  23. 23What information does the Stage 1 Boot Loader contain?Code that locates & runs Stage 2 Boot Loader
  24. 24What information does the Stage 2 Boot Loader contain?OS specific code that locates & loads the OS
  25. 25T/F.... The MBR isn’t located in a partition, but is located at the beginning of a drive?True
  26. 26How do these all work in conjunction with each other?The BIOS reads the MBR, runs the S1 Boot Loader, that in turn runs the S2 Boot Loader from the Active Partition
  27. 27T/F.... Boot Manager provides options for choosing between multiple OS’s?True
  28. 28T/F.... If a Boot Manager is required with BIOS then it is implemented in the Software?True
  29. 294 things to remember about UEFI?1. Official Spec - Outlines minimum requirements
    2. Full access to memory
    3. At minimum understands EFI Partitions & Drives
    4. May implement additional functions - boot manager etc
  30. 302 things to remember about GPT?1. 128 Partitions
    2. 2TB & disk support
  31. 31T/F.... The default bootable OS can be set with UEFI?True
  32. 32How does this work?S1BL locates the S2BLs in the EFI system partition and starts the default or selected OS
  33. 33Thing to remember about EFI?1. Stored in EFI BootROM
    2. Understands ESP and HFS+ formatted partitons
    3. Has built in boot manager
    4. NVRAM also called PRAM (Parameter RAM)
  34. 34T/F... EFI has a distinct setup program?False
  35. 35How does the EFI work?A mac formatted disk will have an EFI partition, but it isn’t used for boot purposes, rather firmware updates
    EFI S1BL checks PRAM for Default Boot Partition and then finds S2BL boot. eft file
  36. 36Does Apple's GPT have a MBR portion for backwards compatibility?No. Apple’s GPT doesn’t have a MBR portion for backwards compatibility, unless Bootcamp is used
  37. 37In Firmware Settings, what settings are saved?1. Boot Priority
    2. Real Time Clock (RTC) - Date/Time
    3. Hardware settings. I.E: Fan speeds, clock speeds, voltages
  38. 38How is a PC BIOS & UEFI accessed?Typically a setup program accessed by holding down a predefined key at boot
    Ex. Del, F2 etc…
  39. 39How is the Mac EFI accessed?System Preferences & Key Commands
  40. 40Updating Firmware is also called?Flashing
  41. 41Why do we update Firmware?Bug & stability fixes, not regular maintenance
  42. 42When Firmware is inaccessible, it is called?Bricking
  43. 43When resetting firmware, what is one thing we should consider?Settings in NVRAM can become corrupt leading to irregularities or boot issues
  44. 44When reseting UEFI/BIOS you should?In setup program choose ‘defaults’. Document any changes. Or remove the CMOS battery
  45. 45For reseting Mac EFI's PRAM?At boot, press cmd + opt + p + r
  46. 46What is another term for resetting?Zapping
  47. 47What are the steps in a generic boot procedure for a Mac?1. Power On
    2. Power On Self Test (POST)
    3. Firmware Drivers Loaded
    4. Boot Loader
  48. 48What are the steps in the BIOS boot?1. Power On
    2. BIOS Performs POST
    3. BIOS will then read the CMOS chip for boot priority
    4. Looks for 1st boot device
    .............
  49. 49Continued...5. Stage 1 Boot loader in MBR locates and runs Stage 2 Boot loader
    6. 2nd stage boot loader loads the OS Kernel
    7. OS Loads Drivers
    ..........
  50. 50Continued...8. OS Login Screen
    9. User Profile Loaded
    10. User Start Up Programs
  51. 51UEFI Boot Procedure?1. Power On
    2. UEFI Perform POST
    3. UEFI Loads Basic Drivers
    4. UEFI Reads CMOS For Boot OS
    ..........
  52. 52Continued...5. Firmware reads available GPTs
    6. Finds ESP Partition with appropriate S2BL
    7. Stage 2 Boot Loader loads OS Kernel
    8. OS Login Screen
  53. 53Continued...9. User Profile Loaded
    10. User Start Up Programs
  54. 54Mac Boot Procedure?1. Power On
    2. EFI Performs POST
    3. EFI Reads PRAM for Boot OS Partition
    4. Locates “boot.efi” Stage 2 boot loader
    5. “boot.efi” Loads OS Kernel
  55. 55Continued...6. OS Login Screen
    7. User Profile Loaded
    8. User Start Up Programs
  56. 56In terms of hardware troubleshooting, what should we know about the 'CPU' ?Reliable unless overheats which typically results in shutdown/restart.
    Check cooling and heat transmission
  57. 57What are 3 common problems with Memory?1. Random glitches and data corruption
    2. Boot issues
    3. Kernel Panic & BSOD (Blue Screen Of Death)
  58. 58What are 3 things to check for with Memory?1. Compatibility
    2. Switch RAM
    3. Memory Test - IE: Memtest86
  59. 59What are 2 common problems with Video?1. No Picture
    2. Resolution or graphics anomalies
  60. 60What are 4 things to check while troubleshooting Video?1. Settings
    2. Different monitor or output port
    3. Where in the boot process?
    4. Can sometimes be Motherboard
  61. 61What are 4 common problems with Motherboards?1. Shutdown / Restart
    2. Failing onboard components & ports
    3. Power Management
    4. Can appear to be something else’s fault. IE: Peripherals
  62. 626 things to consider when troubleshooting Peripherals?1. Check system info on Mac
    2. Disconnect other peripherals
    3. Try peripheral on other computer
    4. Enough power?
    5. Check cables & connections
    6. Run a hardware test
  63. 63What does 'SMC' stand for?System Management Controller
  64. 64Subsytem on Mac mono that contains low level functions relating to what 5 things?1. Voltage
    2. Power / Battery
    3. Fans & Cooling
    4. Displays
    5. Lights
  65. 65A confuse SMC can cause?1. Power Issues. IE:Battery draining too fast
    2. Wonky Fans
    3. I/O port not working
  66. 66What are 3 common problems with Power?1. Unless dead, usually lockups or intermittent issues with components.
    IE: Drives, Mono, Video, Memory…
    2. Power affects everything
    3. Not all power supplies are equal
  67. 67What are 3 things to consider when troubleshooting Power?1. Power requirements?
    2. LEDs, charging indicators etc
    3. BIOS/UEFI setup program for voltage info
  68. 68When testing PC Hardware how can you tell if components are seen by software or firmware?Check with BIOS
  69. 69What program does Windows use for troubleshooting Memory?Windows Memory Diagnostic
  70. 70What program does Mac use to test Hardware?Apple Diagnostics
  71. 71What are the steps for testing Mac Hardware?1. Disconnect non-essential peripherals
    Option A - Hold D at boot to run from disk
    Option B - Hold opt + D at boot to run from internet
    3. Search online for Apple Diagnostics Reference Codes
  72. 72What are 2 common problems with Drives?1. Storgage medium
    2. Logic Board & Mechanics
  73. 73What do we use to troubleshoot Drives?SMART
  74. 74What does SMART stand for?Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology
  75. 75Things to know about SMART...1. Checks sensors that predict drive failure
    2. Not data or medium itself
    3. SATA or TB supported
  76. 76What are the 2 common File System Issues?1. Hardware (Drive, PRAM, ...)
    2. File System (Can't find or load Kernel)
  77. 77In regards to Data Corruption, what is a 'Logical Error'?Data written incorrectly to a medium due to faulty RAM and program bugs.
  78. 78In regards to Data Corruption, what is 'Surface Errors'?Bad sectors causing the medium to be unable to store data correctly
  79. 79One thing to consider about File System Repair Programs?They don't usually fix files. They only fix filesystems and partition table
  80. 80What is the Windows Quick Key to bring up the 'Command Prompt' ?Windows Key + X
  81. 81What are the 4 ways to run First Aid on a computer?1. Within OS
    2. From a Recovery HD
    3. From Internet Recovery
    4. Using Safe Mode
  82. 82What is a Recovery HD?A hidden partition on internal hard drives that provides repair/reinstall options.
  83. 83What is Internet Recovery?In case recovery HD is not available
  84. 84What is Safe Mode?Runs first aid and starts Mac OS with the minimum KEXTS (Kernel Extension) or drivers in windows
  85. 85Something to consider......Use appropriate repair programs (not old tools).
  86. 86A recommended visual trouble shooting program?Verbose Mean
  87. 87A recommended 3rd party mac repair software?Disk Warrior
  88. 88A recommended 3rd party software for Mac that fixes Surface Errors?Tectool
  89. 89T/F... The EFI is bootable?False
  90. 90In disk utilities, if the drive is greyed out, it is _____________?Unmounted
  91. 91What are 'Preference Files' ?Configuration settings for OS and applications. (.plist)
  92. 92How do you put a computer in Target Disk Mode?Start up computer and hold T
  93. 93What is Target Disk Mode?Puts your Mac into a mode where the system drive acts as the external drive.
    (Good for troubleshooting)
  94. 94When is Cloning used?It is used to make an identical copy of a systems partition
  95. 95How do you open Start Up Manager on a Mac?Hold Option at Start Up
  96. 96The User Library is a hidden folder. How do you reveal it?In Finder, click 'Go' while pressing 'Option'

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FlashCards sobre COMP S2 T2, criado por Conor Hollis em 19-04-2017.
Criado por
Conor Hollis
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