Flashcards
EVIDENCIA 3

Flashcards do conjunto (92)
- 1TOPIC 1: LIVE AND LEARN“take, make, and do” included in the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tenses.
You will work with pronunciation, especially the /j/ and /de/ sounds. - 21.1. Take Example: *Please take me to the bus station. (To move something or go with someone to a different place.) *Please take this money. (To put your hand out and hold something.)"Take" implies an active role by the subject, but you can´t hange in the object except for its ownership.
- 31.1. Make Example: *He makes a wonderful chocolate cake with flour, butter, sugar and eggs. (To put things together to make a new thing.) *She makes me do my homework when I get home from school. (To force someone to do something.) *make a phone call (phone someone.)* "make" implies an active role by the subject, who causes something new to occur or come into existence from pre-existing material or a pre-existing situation or the normal course of events.
- 41.1. Do Example: *do a course *do some study *do homework *do exercises *do the housework (clean the house) *do the shopping *do the cooking (cook a meal)*"Do" Implies that the subject is active, but fitting into a pre-existing role. In addition do is often used when someone performs an action, activity or ask.
- 51.2. Present perfect + already*"Already":Present Perfect already usually goes after have or has and before the main verb.
- 61.2. Present perfect + yet Example: A- When are you going to do your homework? B- But I've already done it! A- Do you want a cup of coffee? B- No, thanks. I've already had one.""Yet" Present perfect yet usually put it at the end of a sentence.
- 71.2 Present perfect + yet / already (Uses)*The present perfect is often used in sentences with these words:just, yet, already, ever, never. I’ve just finished the report. Karen has finished the book already. I haven’t finished the report yet. I’ve never been to Spain. Have you ever been?. The present perfect is used to describe periods of time that started in the past and continue until the present. It is often used with for and since. I’ve lived here for five years. James has worked here since last summer.
- 81.2 Present perfect + yet / already (Form)"Affirmative"
I / you / they / we have / ‘ve past participle
he / she / it has / ‘s
"Negative"
I / you / they / we haven’t / ‘ve not past participle
he / she / it hasn’t / ‘s not
"Interrogative"
Have you / they / we past participle?
Has he / she / it - 91.3 Present perfect progressive (Use)*Use present perfect continuous in two situations. You started something in the past and you are still doing it now.
I’ve been working all morning (and I’m still working now). You have just finished doing something. The effects of this activity can still be seen. I’ve been gardening, so my hands are dirty. - 101.3 Present perfect progressive (Form)Form the present perfect continuous in this way.
Affirmative and Negative
I, you, we, they (have / haven’t
‘ve /’ve not)
been verb + ing
he, she, it (has / hasn’t
‘s / ‘s not) - 111.3 Present perfect progressive Examples: - She has been doing my exercises this week - You’ve been eating chocolate by the grandma - Has she been studying English lessons all the month?Affirmative:
Personal pronouns + Auxiliary verb to have + Past participle (be) + Verb in geround + Complement + Usual expression
Negative:
Personal pronouns + Auxiliary verb to have negative + Verb past participle (be) + Verb in geround + Complement + Usual expression
Interrogative:
Auxiliary verb to have + Personal pronouns + Verb in past participle (be) + Verb in geround + Complement + Usual expression - 12TOPIC 2: THEN AND NOW*The adjectives using their correct order within the sentences including the use of the phrases “use to and used to” in affirmative, interrogative and negative statements.
Besides that, you will identify emotions and attitudes - 132.1. Used to Example: *I can study with the TV on. I am used to it. It means I am accustomed, adjusted, or don't mind having the TV play while I'm studying*The word “used to” one reason for the confusion is that it is sometimes used as a verb, and sometimes used as an adjective. We can use it as an adjective. This means to be accustomed to.
- 142.2 Past perfect Examples: - Ross had sung - Sofía had not fallen - Had Rydel bought?*Past perfect refers to an action that happened before another in the past. Similar as the present perfect, it uses the auxiliary have, but in past tense.
Positive:
Subject + had +past participle
Negative:
Subject + had + not +past participle
Interrogative:
Had+ subject + past participle + ? - 152.2 Past perfect (When to use past perfect)*Describe an action taking place before another in the past:
-I had already eaten when he invited me to dinner. - 162.2 Past perfect (Conditional sentences Type 3)*If I had seen you, I would have come to say hi.It is very important to understand when and where to use present perfect. There are some words that signal the use of past perfect: Already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day. To learn more about past perfect tense, check out the following video
- 172.3 Writing: Order of adjectives Example: “a beautiful old Indian carpet” “a beautiful old red and green Indian carpet” “a large comfortable wooden chair”*When we use two or more adjectives together to describe a noun, the order we put them in is quite important. As a general rule, adjectives are usually placed in the following order.
- 18TOPIC 3: BUYING POWER*Buying power, also sometimes called Purchasing power, is used to describe the ability of people to buy goods and services based on how much money they earn and save. It is said that the more money you have, the more buying power you also have.
- 193.1 Article the vs. No article*Articules should be placed just in front of the noun they’re modifying. However, if the noun is also being modified by one or more adjectives, the article should go in front of the adjective
- 203.1 Article the vs. no article (Without the definite article)*general words (indefinite)
Life is too short.
I like flowers.
*Names of persons on the singular, relatives
Peter and John live in London.
Aunt Mary lives in Los Angeles.
*Public buildings, institutions, means of transport (indefinite)
Mandy doesn't like school.
We go to school by bus.
Some people go to church on Sundays. - 213.1 Article the vs. no article (With the definite article)*General words (definite)
I've read a book on the life of Bill Clinton.
I like the flowers in your garden.
*Family names in the plural
The Smiths live in Chicago.
*public buildings, institutions, means of transport (definite)
*The school that Mandy goes to is old.
*The bus to Dresden leaves at 7.40.
*The round church in Klingenthal is famous. - 223.2 Indirect questions/Direct (Direct questions ) Examples: *Where can I buy ink for the printer? *Why do you want to work for our company? *What is the number of the last invoice? *How much did it cost? *How did it happen?*Are the normal questions that we can ask toany familiar person.
For example: “Where is the bathroom?” - 233.2 Indirect questions/Direct (Indirect questions ) Example: Could you tell me where the bathroom is?*Are a little more formal and polite. We use them when talking to a person we don’t know very well, or in professional situations.
- 243.3 Opening phrases used in indirect questionsThe most common phrases used for indirect speech are the following:
-Could you tell me…
…where the stationary shop is?
…how to pay the electricity bill?
-Do you know…
…where I can buy a newspaper?
… if there’s a bank near here? - 25TOPIC 4: TAKING CARE OF BUSINESS Examples: “Sorry, I can’t today. I have to take care of business.”In the vocabulary section, you will learn words to describe and evaluate products and services using have/get + indirect object identifying that when you use get someone it must be followed by an infinitive verb and when you use have someone, it must be followed by the verb in simple form.Means getting things done by dealing with important responsibilities and chores. We use these expressions when we are invited to do something, but we are too busy.
- 264.1 Adjectives ending –ed/-in*Alarmed - Alarming
*Bored - Boring
*Captivated - Captivating
*Challenged - Challenging
*Depressed - Depressing
*Disappointed - Disappointing - 274.2 Have/get something done Examples: -Have something done (give someone the responsibility to do something) -I’m having my car repaired at the garage round the corner. -I had John fix the car. -I had my hair cut. -Get something done (convince or trick someone into doing something) -I really must get my eyes tested. I’m sure I need glasses. -He got the mechanic to repair the machine. -She got him to read more.Have something done and Get something done are both used to refer to actions which are done for the subject rather than by the subject.
- 284.3 Have/get + indirect object (Have)We use “have” when we want someone do something. The structure requires the auxiliary verb “have” before the subject and the main verb in simple form.
For example:
-I’m going to have my mother look for my old family pictures.
-You can have him cut the grass right now. - 294.3 Have/get + indirect object (Get)We use “get” when we want someone to do something. The structure requires the auxiliary verb “get” before the subject and the main verb in infinitive.
For example:
-You may get Sam to talk to you about her problem.
-I couldn’t get my boss to increase the salaries for next year. - 30TOPIC 6: THROUGH THE GRAPEVINE“Through the grapevine” is an expression that comes from the longer expression “I heard it through the grapevine” and it refers to the way in which information spreads quickly from one person to another In the grammar section you will learn how to work with the structures known as Reported Speech and Reported Questions. These structures are used to report what other people say without repeating the same words, it means you need to change the grammar tense of the sentences and you will also have to check the use of the conditional words Ifand whether. a conversation.
- 316.1 Say and Tell Example: -Francis says she doesn’t like chocolate. -I said that the new website design was great. -What did the teacher say to you when you failed the test?Use say to speak in general about something that has been said by someone. Say is often used to report what someone else has said, it refers to any type of speech, therefore, it is more general in nature.
With say (present) or said (past), we can use these structures:
• say (something)
• say that (something)
• say (something) to (a person)
• “(something)” a person said - 326.1 Tell Examples: -Tell me about the movie. Did you like it? -Peter, I told you not to eat any cookies before dinner! -Did you tell Sam about what happened at school today? -The police told us that the situation was under control.Use tell to express that someone has instructed or informed someone else about something. Tell is often used to report what someone else has told to a specific person and it is always followed by an indirect object. The infinitive form is often used following the construction to indicate instructions.
- 336.2 Reported speech (Use)Use reported speech to talk about what another person said in the past.
Example:
Eve: ‘I went to the party on Friday night’.
James: ‘Eve said that she had gone to the party on Friday night’. - 346.2 Reported speech (Form)When reporting speech, the verb in the sentence may shift to a past tense.
am / is / are changes to was / were
“I am fine.” She said that she was fine.
present simple changes to past simple
“I like it.” He said he liked it. - 35TOPIC 7: DECISIONSThe Second Conditional which is normally used to talk about unreal situations and it is also accompanied by the word If to make the
condition. Then we will continue checking the use of hope, this word helps us to talk about things we would like to be different probably in the present or in the future; and wish,which help us express a desire for the future. - 367.1 Conditionals Examples: -If you heat water, it boils. -If you exercise, you will be healthy. -If you spoke English, you would travel all over the world with no problem. -If she had accepted the role, she would have become a successful actress.Conditionals are sentences that use a combination of verb tenses to indicate possibilities, habits, generalities, or imaginary situations. Throughout your years of studying English, you will deepen your knowledge and understand the different uses of the varieties of conditionals.
The most important thing to remember are:
-Include the word if or unless to indicate conditional of two clauses
-The verb tenses of each conditional type - 377.2 HopeWe use the verb hope when something is very possible.
To say what you hope about the past, you use the simple past:
-I hope she found the restaurant.
To say what you hope about the present, you use the present:
-I hope he's all right.
-I hope he knows where the clinic is. - 387.2 WishIt can be used as follows:
a) To wish for an ability now or in the future.
I wish (that) + subject + could + infinitive verb → I wish that I could sing.
-I wish I could play the guitar!
b) To wish that something could be true at the moment.
I wish (that) + subject + past simple → I wish I had a pony.
-I wish I was rich. - 397.3 Pronunciation if-clauses Examples: -If I were taller,I would be more confident -If climate change happens, the UK the would be under 10m. of water. -If I were you,I would study for the examConsidering that in all clauses you must have two sentences, the pronunciation of each sentence is important, so you must emphasize the two sentences according to the ending part. The ending of the if clause, must be stressed and the intonation should go up, this is called “raising intonation” and the ending of the second sentence should also be emphasized but the intonation then goes down, this is called “falling intonation.”
- 40TOPIC 8: THINK AGAINWhen we use must doesn´t mean it is definitely true, but almost certainly true.
Now, grammatically speaking, it is important to point out that when must, might, can´t and couldn´t are followed by be,this can be followed by a noun, an adjective or the present participle. - 418.1 Modals of deductionWe use modals of deductions to explain something through how sure we are of something, in other words is looking at all the evidence and using reasoning and your logic to try to figure out what the truth is, something we are not a hundred percent sure.
- 428.1 might/must/could/can’tThe following modals are used in the present tense:
must, may, might, could, can´t
*Certainty Positive: We use it when we are sure that somethingis true because of the evidence we have.
*Possibility: We use them when we think something is possible, but we are not sure.
*Certainty Negative: We use it when we are sure that something is not true because of the evidence we have. - 438.2 Tag questions Examples: -You’re not going now, are you? -He doesn’t live here now, does he? -It’s Monday today, isn’t it?*When you are not sure if something is true, so you want to check. In this case, your voice should rise when you say the question tag.
*When you know something is true. You want to include/involve another person in the conversation. In this case, your voice should fall when you say the tag. It does not sound like a question - 448.2 Tag questions (caution)1.Use aren’t with I’m in tag question
2.In present and past simple sentences, use do, does or did in the tag question.
I’m a bit careless, aren’t I? NOT I’m a bit careless, am not I? - 458.3 Adjectives suffixes –ful, -lessSpecifically talking about –ful and –less, we may have words like nouns or verbs and make them appear as adjectives, but remember, use -ful only with one “l” as a suffix.
- 468.3 Adjectives suffixes –ful, -lessNOUN OR VERB
-Beauty
-Use
-Home
ADJETIVE
-beautiful
-useful - useless
-homeless - 47TOPIC 9: STORIES WE TELLThe past participle of the verbs and some phrases to complement the ideas. These phrases are when, by, already and just.
- 489.1 Past perfect*A sentence with the events in the order they happened: both verbs are in past simple. John went to the shop on the way home from work, so he got home late.
*A sentence in which the events are NOT in order: the event which happened before the other verb is in past perfect tense. John got home late because he had gone to the shop on the way home from work. - 499.2 Verb + gerund / infinitiveExamples:
*begin
*dread
*forget
*keep
*need
*regret
*remember
*start
*stop
*try
*admit
*advise
*appreciate
*avoid - 509.3 Time expressions Examples: *I went to the movies yesterday. *Yesterday, I went to the movies. *I´m going to visit my uncle tomorrow. *Tomorrow, I´m going to visit my aunt. *In ten days ‘time, I´ll be travelling to LondonThe time are helpful to be more specific on describing when the actions are taking place. The time expression is usually set at the end of the sentence; however, some of them might be used at the beginning of sentences, followed by a coma.
- 5110.2 Gerunds vs. Infinitives (Gerunds)A gerund is a verb in its –ing form
For example: reading, cleaning, climbing. After some verbs, such as: like, hate, enjoy, quit, suggest, dislike, deny. - 5210.2 Gerunds vs. Infinitives (Infinitives)The infinitive form of the verb is the original verb. It usually goes with ‘to’.
For example: to eat, to go, to see. After some verbs, such as; agree, arrange, ask, promise, decide, afford. - 5310.3 Suffixes and Prefixes*Suffixes and Prefixes are letters or groups of letters added at the end or at the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
- 5410.3 Prefixes*Prefixes are added at the beginning of a word, for example:
*moral - amoral
*modern - postmodern
*wrap - unwrap
-The most common Prefixes are:
*dis- *il- *im- *in- *ir- *re- *un- - 55TOPIC 11: BODY TALK* Will be the use of wish for regrets; it is well known that it is “a feeling of sadness about something that has already happened”. When you regret something negative you use wish and hadn’t, for example: I wish I hadn’t started smoking.
- 5611.1 Parts of the Body and Health Problems

- 57The face :

- 58The arm and hand :a. Finger
b. Palm
c. Wrist
d. Forearm
e. Elbow
f. Upper arm
- 59The hand and fingers :a.Hand
b.Thumb
c.Index finger
d.Middle finger
e.Ring finger
f.Little finger
g.Nail
h.Knuckle
i.Wrist
- 60The leg and foot :a. Knee
b. Leg
c. Shin
d. Calf
e. Ankle
f. Heel
g. Foot
h. Toe
- 61The human body has 206 bones divided in different parts of the body.The Skeleton is divided en two main parts, one of them is formed by skull with 28 bones and the torso with 52 bones, and it is called the Axial Skeleton. Second part is called the Appendicular Skeleton is formed by the Upper and Lower extremities. The upper extremity has 32 paired bones and the Lower one has only 31 paired bones which in total it makes 126 bones in the Appendicular Skeleton which, added to the 80 bones of the Axial Skeleton.

- 6211.1 Parts of the Body and Health Problems

- 63BrainIt can be said that this is the main organ because it has a nervous system which controls all the body. It has three main parts: the Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Brain Stem. it gives the whole body the instructions to move or think in different ways.

- 64HeartThis organ pumps blood to all your body; you must consider that having a well-cared heart, you could live healthy. The heart has a range of 72 beats per minute, this help your body function properly, when the number of beats per minute is more or less than 72, it is a signal that something wrong is happening with your body, many strong illnesses may be caused by this variation of beats, that´s why you need to have a regular checkup even if you are young.

- 65SpleenIt is a vascular organ which helps you maintain the blood in good conditions for the correct function ofy our body. When your red blood cells are damaged, the spleen acts in order to eliminate them so the body can continue working in good conditions.

- 66Lungs :The Lungs are part of the system called the Respiratory System which is relevant to help you breathWhen the lungs don´t work properly diseases like asthma may cause difficulty on breathing, it means that the air doesn´t run properly in and out the lungs, as a consequence a person may stop breathing and die.

- 67IntestinesYour body has two types of intestine, the small intestine, which is the longest part of the digestive system and absorbs the nutrients from the food to send them to the bloodstream; and the large intestine that keeps the minerals in your body.

- 68StomachIt receives all what you eat and drink, that´s why you need to be selective with the food that will make you feel good and healthy. The stomach processes all what you send to it, this process is called digestion. This organ stores some acids to protect your body from infections.

- 69Liver :This organ is a very important gland of the body. It stores several vitamins, sugar and iron that your body needs to have energy; however, you need to control the levels of cholesterol to prevent an increase that could make you feel unhealthy.

- 7011.2 Wish for regretsThe word wish has different uses; one of them is to say that you would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation. Examples:
*I wish I were rich.
*He wishes he lived in Paris.
*They wish they'd chosen a different leader. - 7111.3 It’s + adjective + infinitive Examples: "It is + adjective" *It's difficult *It's hard *It's impossible *It's important "infinitive" *to guess what will happen. *to know when a rat will get loose. *to do this project in 24 hours *to take a break twice a day.This expression emphasizes information by bringing it to the front of the clause.
- 72TOPIC 12: STAGE AND SCREEN*They are called subject and object relative clauses, they go hand by hand with relative pronouns such as who, that, which, where that help us give more information about the subject or the object of a sentence.
- 7312.1 Subject Relative Clauses Examples: *The new machine is the one that will process more wine this year. *They play the guitar in a band which is performing in the new bar. *Do you know the man who is playing the sax?*Relative clauses usually help to connect two separate ideas in order to have only one sentence; there are two kinds of relative clauses: subject and object relative clauses.
- 7412.2 Object relative clausesExamples:
*This is the man who I really love.
*What if someone that you care about causes you a serious problem?
*I wonder if she could wear the ring which you gave her.
*This is not the book that I read last week.
*She couldn´t bring the car which she bought in Korea - 7512.3 Relative pronouns Examples: These are some other relative pronouns: *that *which *whom *who*Some sentences in English are two clauses linked together. These clauses are called main clause and relative clause. Let´s take a look at the following sentences:
This is a puppet. My daughter made this puppet. - 76TOPIC 13: BREAKING THE RULES*The symbols of walk / don’t walk are icons of the U.S., however, they have changed the way they are presented, but keep the same meaning. In some states of the U.S, for example, the speed limit in highways is 65 miles per hour but on most other roads the speed limit is between 30 to 45 mph.
- 7713.1 Should / shouldn´t Examples: *What should I wear? *You should go to the doctor. *If I were you, I should complain to the manager. *She should be nervous about it. *You should be wearing your seat belt. *You should be at the office already.*This word is called a Modal and it is commonly used to make suggestions, to tell that something suggested is true in the future, to give advices or opinions, and to talk about an obligation.
- 7813.2 Was / were going to*This structure is used to indicate that a planned action couldn´t take place because another event took place instead. In other words, a failed plan.
- 7913.2 Was / were going toExamples:
*It was going to rain,
*We were going to buy a new TV,
*You were going to be my bridesmaid,
*I was going to sell my house, - 8013.3 Parts of a Graph*Bar graph:
A bar graph uses a bar to show data. Parts of the bar graph must be present for the graph to be complete.
*Title
*Label
*Scale
*Bar - 81PictographA pictograph uses pictures or symbols to show data. Four (4) parts of the pictograph must be present for the graph to be complete.
*Title
*Label
*Symbol
*Key - 82Line graphA line graph uses points connected by a line to show data. Five (5) parts of the line graph must be present for the graph to be complete.
*Title
*Scale
*Label
*Point
*Line - 83Circle graphA circle graph uses a circle divided into fractions to show data. parts of the circle graph must be present for the graph to be complete.
*Title
*Key
*Circle - 84HistogramA histogram is a special kind of bar graph that uses data shown as numbers in order. parts of the histogram must be present for the graph to be complete.
*Title
*Label
*Scale
*Bar - 85TOPIC 14: JUST THE JOB*The expression Just the…is used to say that something is perfect for a particular person or purpose. For example, if someone is very good at art, and you see an advertisement for an art teacher job, you can tell the person: “I have just the job for you”.
- 8614.1 Gerund Phrases as Subjects and Objects*A phrase is a group of words that make sense, but only partially, it will make complete sense only when it is joined to a sentence. A gerund is a verb ending in –ing and is used as a verbal noun. It makes the function of both, nouns and verbs.
- 8714.1 Gerund Phrases as Subjects and ObjectsGerund Phrase:
A gerund phrase is a group of words that consist of:
Gerund + objects + modifiers - 8814.1 Gerund Phrases as Subjects and ObjectsSubjects:
*Finding my friends in this crowd would be a very difficult task.
*Eating chocolates on a regular basis can spoil your teeth. - 8914.2 Separable Phrasal VerbsPhrasal verbs are mainly used in spoken English and in informal texts. The more formal a conversation or text is, the fewer phrasal verbs are found.
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + a preposition. This preposition can change the meaning of the verb completely. - 9014.2 Separable Phrasal VerbsExamples:
*Pick someone/something up = collect
Please can you pick me up from the station?
*Drop someone/something off = take and leave/ deposit
I dropped John off outside his school.
*Throw away = discard
I threw all my old school papers away.
*Write down = note
I wrote Sally’s phone number down on a piece of paper.
*Make up = invent
Henry likes to make stories up about dinosaurs. - 9114.3 Non-separable phrasal verbsIn the case of non separable phrasal verbs, an object is sometimes needed but in some other cases it may be absent in the sentence. Another important thing to consider is that sometimes the phrasal verbs include three words as components.
- 9215.2 Phrasal Verbs*break up = end a relationship
*bring up = educate a child
*call up = reach by phone
*carry out = accomplish
*come in = enter
*get up = rise from bed after sleeping
*go on = continue
*look up = consult a reference book
*set up = start business
*turn over = bring the reverse side up
Informações
- Descrição
- Primero Inglés FlashCards sobre EVIDENCIA 3, criado por Sofía Martínez em 08-05-2017.
- Criado por
- Sofía Martínez
- Visualizações
- 1
- Histórico
-
- Criado por Jatsi Lemus · 4 mai 2017
- Copiado por Jatsi Lemus · 6 mai 2017
- Copiado por Sofía Martínez · 8 mai 2017
- Avaliação