Flashcards
Peel and PGs
Flashcards do conjunto (43)
- 1What is a Trade UnionGroups that protect and promote workers and their interests
- 2What was the law on Trade Unions- Didn't recognise any right to come together and interfere w trade/business
- Organisations prosecuted by business men who bought the craftsmen's work and traded products - 3What was the law restricting tailorse.g. Tailors in London banned by 1721 Act obtained by masters who bought the clothes the tailors made
- 4Examples of the trades that had organised groupsPapermakers,print workers, plumber,s painters, shoemakers, bakers, metalworkers
- 5Between 1710 and 1800, how many conspiracy trials took place29
- 6Due to the opposition towards combination organisations, what did these groups resort tosecrecy, oaths of loyalty, meetings held at night, passwords, symbols; subsequently raised fears to authorities over these groups
- 7When was the laws against illegal oaths passed1799
- 8By 1850, how many union members were there250,000
- 9When were the combination acts repeal1824; hoped that making unions legal and not open to prosecution would been strikes and unrest would stop; 1825 act modified to exclude picketing as tactic to intimidate those who wanted to work
- 10Who was the main figure behind Grand General Union of Operative Cotton SpinnersJohn Doherty in Lancashire,
- 11What were the failures of this movement- Insufficient funding, time of economic downturn meant less demand for cotton, difficult to get enough co-operating between areas
- 12What did Doherty establish in 1829National Association for the Protection of Labour - co-operation between unions; mostly in Lanc and Chesh, 70,000members' attracted diverse membership including miners, pottery weavers and textile workers
- 13Why did this failDidn't include all unions, couldn't sustain an effective org beyond 33
- Different trades had different issues e.g. builders objected to architects using general contractors who employed unskilled workers rather than revealing master craftsmen
- Union activity associated w violence, e.g. Merthyr Rising - 14Outline the Merthyr Rising1831; Coal and steel workers employed by powerful Crawshay family, took to streets of Merthyr; called for reform, protested against lowing of their wages, and general levels of unemployment; protest reached industrial towns nearby; end of may, whole areas in rebellion and armed forces had to be used; 20 people shot by troops; leaders tried and hanged
- 15What was the GNTCU• Grand National Consolidated Trade Union 1834; association of tailors, silk weavers, shoe makers,; supported by successful cotton manufacturer Robert Owen, - strong belief in socialist ideas and organising workers for reform
- 16What ideas did the GNCTU have- Mutual support during strikes as workers from different trade and industry supported each other; fund to provide sickness benefits; some inclusion of women workers; inclusion of some ag workers
- 17How many members did they achieve16,000 - less than NAPL therefore collapsed
- 18Glasgow Cotton strike1837; violence against strike led to trial of union leaders and whig gov contemplated restoring anti-union leg in 1838
- 19developments in tu's 1800-1850 = pos and negsee poster
- 20wsee poster
- 21How many attended the GNCTU protest in March 34/ kings cross protest10,000 // 100,000
- 22When were the Martyrs pardonedMarch 1836 under new home sec, LJ Russel
- 23What effect did transportation have on LovelessTerrible experience and virtual slavery increase radicalism
- 24Causes of Chartism1. Population
2. Economic change
3. Urban growth
4. Increased pol activism
5. increased disatisfaction - 25When was there an economic depression36-43; increase in bread price and hardship
- 26Why were factory workers disatsfiedPoor conditions, danger, relied on economy and profitable conditions
- 27why did the number of skilled landloomers fallMore reliable machines affected domestic/textile industries
- 28Why were urban livers disatsifiedpoor living conditions, poor housing and sanitation, increased disease
- 29Why was their increase in political activismF Rev = increase in socialism, disappointment 30-31 as no parl ref, press spread ideas encouraging reform etc, 32 reform was a disappointment and actually resulted in some areas having LESS WC voters
- 30stats on increase in pop1801- 78% of people lived in towns
1801 - 8.9m
High pop growth - 31how many turned up to meetings in glasgow to launch the people's charter159,000 in crowd; 1.2m signatures to present to parl
- 32What was the name of the chartist newspaper and how many readers did it haveNorthern Star - by 1839, had 40,000 readers
- 33In reaction to the arrests of leaders of a revolt in Newport, Wales, how mny protested1.5m people signed petition in 1839 to get gov to release them
- 34Characterisitcs on National Charter AssociateMore moderate
- Rejected violence
- 401 branes
- 50,000 members withn 2 years
However started to decline by 43 - 35how many signed petition in 1843 that was rejected33 million, led to wave of strikes acrss 23 countries and mass arrest
- 36what period was the most disturbed in brit history30-50
- 37define chartismWorking class movement that emerged 1836; aim to gain political rights for the working classes,
- 38what was 'the people's charter' of 1838In 1837, six Members of Parliament and six working men, including William Lovett (from the London Working Men's Association, set up in 1836) formed a committee, which in 1838 published the People's Charter. This set out the six main aims of the movement.
- 39how effective was the leadership of chartism1. Support was diverse - 2 main groups = craftsmen/domestic + hard pressed factory workers had different interests + different objectives, support from rural workers = limited
2. Attempt to form united from with MC agitation for change wasn't likely to succeed - - 40What was the Newport Risinglarge scale armed rebellion against authority in gb, one of the largest civil massacres committed by brit gov in 19th cent; 4th Nov 1839, almost 10,000 chartist sympathisers marched on town of Newport. Men - many coalminers, most with home-made arms, keen on liberating fellow chartists. troops opened fire and killed 22 demonstrators, leaders convicted of high treason and sentences to a traitor's death, then reduced to transportation - O'Connor = one of key figures, imprisoned
- 41what was the chartist land plan1845; proposed to buy large estate in Gloucestershire by using money from investors, divide into plots and draw lots for which investors gained land - idealistic attempt to find a way for life in urban industrial and capitalist britain. workers given opportunity to return to the land where they would farm small plots - 70,000 invested a total of 100,000£ - project FAILED by 1850
- 42Outline two main leaders of chartist movementqueue card
- 43How much did newspaper readership increase in 183833m to 53 m
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- FlashCards sobre Peel and PGs, criado por lucy bon em 12-06-2017.
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