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Flashcards

Exam 1

B H Spinal Anatomy Inglês 55 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (55)

  1. 1What are the basic tissue types?1) Epithelial tissue
    2) Muscular tissue
    3) Neural tissue
    4) Connective tissue
  2. 2What is osteology?Study of bone
  3. 3What are the 3 primary types of bone cells?1) Osteoblasts
    2) Osteoclasts
    3) Osteoclasts
  4. 4What is the function of osteoblasts?Form bone
  5. 5What is the function of osteocytes?Maintain or nurture bone
  6. 6What is the function of osteoclasts?Remodel bone
  7. 7What are the bone cell embedded in?Amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals
  8. 8What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?Glycosaminoglycans
  9. 9What type of glycosaminoglycans predominate in bone?1) Chondroitin sulfates
    2) Keratin sulfates
    3) Hyaluronic acid
  10. 10What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?Collagen type I
  11. 11What are the primary constituents of the bone mineral? (4)1) Calcium
    2) Phosphate
    3) Citrate
    4) Carbonate ions
  12. 12What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?Hydroxyapatite
  13. 13Bone is also the repository for what additional ions? (6)1) Sodium
    2) Magnesium
    3) Fluoride
    4) Lead
    5) Strontium
    6) Radium
  14. 14What is Wolff's law as it pertains to bone?Living tissue will respond to stressors such as anxiety, tension or pressure; bone is formed or absorbed in response to these same stressors
  15. 15What are 3 responses of "living" bone were stressed in class?It has the ability to:
    1) Heal
    2) Remodel under stressors such as anxiety, tension or pressure
    3) Age
  16. 16Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?Mesenchyme and/or cartilage
  17. 17What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?Intramembranous ossification
  18. 18What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?From the second to third month in utero
  19. 19What part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?The skull
  20. 20What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?Endochondral ossification
  21. 21What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?From the second to the fifth month in utero
  22. 22Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification? (4)1) Mandible
    2) Sphenoid
    3) Temporal
    4) Occipital bones
  23. 23Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?The clavicle
  24. 24What are the names given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance?1) Primary centers of ossification appear before birth
    2) Secondary centers of ossification appear after birth
  25. 25Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?1) Cortical or compact bone
    2) Spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone
  26. 26What is the name given to the bone below an articulating surface?Subchondral bone
  27. 27What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone?The periosteum
  28. 28What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?The endosteum
  29. 29What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone? (4)1) Sexual dimorphism (gender variation)
    2) Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation)
    3) Geographic or population based variation (ethnic variation)
    4) Idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)
  30. 30Differences in the number of morphology of vertebrae within the population based on male of Female variation is identified as which type of variation?Sexual dimorphism or gender variation
  31. 31Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on age or development variation is identified as which type of variation?Ontogenetic variation
  32. 32Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on ethnicity or locational variation is identified as which type of variation?Geographic variation or population based variation
  33. 33Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on the uniqueness between individuals is identified as which type of variation?Idiosyncratic variation
  34. 34What are the six more commonly used classification of normal bone?1) Long bones
    2) Short bones
    3) Flat bones
    4) Irregular bones
    5) Paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones
    6) Sesamoid bones
  35. 35Which classifications of bone are characteristic of the appendicular skeleton?1) Long bones
    2) Short bones
    3) Sesamoid bones
  36. 36What is the characteristic feature of a long bone?It is longer than it is across (length greater than breadth)
  37. 37What are the names given to the parts of a long bone?The diaphysis (shaft) and typically two epiphyses (extremities)
  38. 38What is the primary characteristic of short bones?They are essentially cuboidal
  39. 39What are examples of short bones?Most of the bones of the carpus and tarsus
  40. 40What is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?The bone develops within a tendon
  41. 41What are consistent examples of sesamoid bones?Patella and pisoform
  42. 42Which classifications of bone are characteristic of the axial skeleton?1) Flat bones
    2) Irregular bones
    3) Paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones
  43. 43What are flat bones?A thin layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
  44. 44What are some examples of flat bones?Parietal bone and sternum
  45. 45What is the name given to the spongy bone of the skull?Diploe
  46. 46What is characteristic of irregular bone?Numerous projections or irregular outlines
  47. 47What are examples of irregular bone?The vertebrae and innominate bones
  48. 48What is characteristic of pneumatic bone?Air spaces within the bone
  49. 49What are examples of pneumatic bone?1) Frontal
    2) Ethmoid
    3) Maxilla
    4) Sphenoid
    5) Temporal
  50. 50What bones contain paranasal sinuses?1) Frontal
    2) Ethmoid
    3) Maxilla
    4) Sphenoid
  51. 51What are the classifications given to the abnormal bone stressed in spinal anatomy?Accessory or heterotopic bone
  52. 52What is the name given to bone formed from existing bone?Accessory bone
  53. 53What are examples of accessory bone?Para-articular processes and bony spurs of vertebrae
  54. 54What is the name given to bone formed in a non-bone location?Heterotopic bone
  55. 55What are examples of heterotopic bone?Calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart, and ligaments

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Spinal Anatomy FlashCards sobre Exam 1, criado por B H em 14-07-2017.
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B H
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