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Flashcards

Morphology and Semantics

abbiedaniels2 cognition psych Inglês 56 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (56)

  1. 1ArbitrarySounds which we have agreed mean the same thing.
    The relationship between the form of the word and the meaning is said to be arbitrary.
  2. 2OnomatopoeicMotivated or iconic relationship between a word and its meaning.
  3. 3Sound symbolismParticular sounds or sequences of sounds rather than whole words may have some association with a meaning.
  4. 4ReferenceA proper noun which picks out an individual.
    The relationship between an expression and the thing(s) it picks out in the world.
  5. 5DenotationThe relationship between an expression and the thing(s) it picks out in the world.
  6. 6SenseLinking to things in the world. Characteristics and defining things of a word.
  7. 7Abstract nounsSay these things but can't actually get them. Eg peace, unicorn.
  8. 8ConnotationThe associations a word has.
  9. 9AntonymyOppositeness
  10. 10HyponymyHierarchical relation that exists between meanings of words where the denotation of one word is included in the denotation of another.
  11. 11SynonymySame meanings. The relationship of "sameness of meaning".
  12. 12Strict SynonymyWill mean the same in all contexts.
  13. 13Loose synonymyCant swop them in all contexts. Similarity rather than sameness. Eg big and large.
  14. 14List the different types of synonyms.1. Synonyms distinguished by dialect.
    2. Synonyms distinguished by style
    3. Synonyms distinguished by technicality.
    4.Synonyms distinguished by connotation.
  15. 15DysphemismA deliberately offensive form for a polite term. Eg cock-up for mistake.
  16. 16Partial synonymyPart of the meaning of the words overlaps, but there is no complete identity of meaning.
    Eg crush, mash, pound = breaking down of something.
  17. 17AntonymyOpposite meanings.
  18. 18What are the three types of Antonymy?1. Gradable antonyms
    2. Complementary antonyms
    3. Converse or relational opposites.
  19. 19Gradable antonymsOpposites on the same scale
    Eg big-small
  20. 20Complementary antonyms- Denys the other thing
    -Not on the same scale
    Eg dead-alive
  21. 21Converse or relational oppositesSame scale but doesn't deny the other thing. Not gradable.
    Eg give-take
  22. 22PolysemyA lexeme which has a range of different but related meanings.
    eg. run - meaning 1
    - meaning 2
  23. 23HomonymySound the same with different meanings. Meanings aren't related.
    Eg. bank 1- meaning
    bank 2 - meaning
  24. 24HomographsWords with the same spelling but different sounds.
    Eg lead
  25. 25HomophonesThe same sound but different spellings
    Eg. son - sun
  26. 26Componential analysisExamines what aspects of meaning are common to a group of lexemes and what aspects make each lexeme distinct.
  27. 27Basic componentsStandard list of components which they think are the basic to the overall organisation of the lexicon. Organised hierarchically to show major semantic divisions of words.
  28. 28Kingship termseg. [+- MALE] to distinguish gender
  29. 29What 2 things does the matrix do?1. Allows unique analysis of the meaning of each item.
    2. Shows the relationship of each item to the whole.
  30. 30Semantic domainA particular area of 'conceptual space' and in order to exemplify this idea, need to distinguish between two types of meaning components. (common and diagnostic)
  31. 31Common componentsJoint values define a particular semantic domain.
    Eg woman and man share common components such as [+-HUMAN] [+-ADULT]
  32. 32Diagnostic componentsComponents which distinguish lexemes from each other in particular domain. Distinctive features.
    Eg male is distinguished by [+MALE] from a woman.
  33. 33Componential analysis hyponymy, synonymy and antonymy.Hyponymy =Shares all components of that word and has an additional component to define it. e.g. person = [+- HUMAN] BUT [+MALE] to define the person. Synonymy = Two words which share all their components. Eg begin and commence share the component [+START]. Antonymy = Share all components except for one. Eg man and woman share all components except for [+- MALE].
  34. 34PrototypeYour perfect example of an object.
    Not everyones prototypes are the same.
  35. 35HedgesMaking something closer or further away from the prototype.
    Eg A tomato is technically a berry.
  36. 36MorphsSmallest meaning, word.
  37. 37MorphemesAbstract concept of a morph
  38. 38AllomorphsSame sound,meaning in different environments.
  39. 39Name the 3 types of morphemes1. Lexical
    2. Derivational
    3. Inflectional
  40. 40Lexical MorphemeIndependent. Can stand alone. Can appear without any other morphs attached or they can have morphs attached.
  41. 41Derivational morphemes.Affixes are attached to the morpheme.
    Derive a new word - create new lexemes based on the original lexical morpheme.
  42. 42Inflectional morphemesFor grammar information.Create a new word for of the same lexeme. Eg wait-ed , wait-ing
  43. 43LexemeA unit of meaning and form that is entered into the lexicon as an independent whole.
  44. 44Mental lexiconAll the things we know about the vocabulary of a language.
  45. 45Word vs. lexemeA word is a kind of lexeme but a lexeme is not necessarily a word
  46. 46Categories of lexemes-Words (simple and complex)
    - Compounds
    -Phrasal verbs
    -Co-ordinate structures
    -Idioms
  47. 47WordsSimple - Single lexical morpheme Eg - dog ,go
    Complex - Lexical morpheme and one or more inflectional and or derivational morphemes. Eg - dogs, writer
  48. 48CompoundsLexemes which are made up from other lexemes.
    Eg greenhouse
  49. 49Phrasal verbsFunction in the same way as single words do.
    Eg - give in, make out
  50. 50IdiomsClause or sentence length unit whose meaning cannot be predicted on the basis of its components.
    Eg - hitting the nail on the head (the nail and hammer are not really involved)
  51. 51CompoundingTwo independent words and out them together and they mean something else. Creates a new lexeme.
  52. 52CliticizationBecome phonetically deficit
    I am = I'm
  53. 53ParadigmsStill the same kind of word. Inflectional morpheme.
    Eg shave, shav-ing, shav-ed
  54. 54ReduplicationRepeating the stem of a word or the whole word to intensify it.
    Eg see you now now
  55. 55AffixationType of morpheme, can only occur when attached to another morpheme.
  56. 56Unitary base hypothesis (UBH)States that affixes of a particular type attach to stems of a given type.
    -ness = adj
    -less = nouns
    -un = verbs

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cognition psych FlashCards sobre Morphology and Semantics , criado por abbiedaniels2 em 02-06-2014.
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abbiedaniels2
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