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COMP

Tyler Vollett Computers Inglês 131 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (131)

  1. 1Computer Hardware components typically require what two connections?data and power connections
  2. 2What are Traces?embedded wire pathways on the motherboard
  3. 3What are transistors and 2 reasons they are used?electric components which are the building blocks of logic circuits. (typically coils of wire)
    -fundamentally used for amplification and switching
  4. 4What are integrated circuits?a compact electronic circuit made from 1000+ transistors, designed for a specific task
  5. 5What is a Processor and what does it do? What is a Socket?-component of motherboard that crunchs numbers and moves data on busses
    -motherboard component that connects/interfaces the processor to the motherboard
  6. 6What is System Memory (RAM)? What is the Memory Bus?the short term memory of the computer, everything you are doing at one time
    -connects system memory
  7. 7What is keying?modules are designed in a way that you can't put them in backwards or wrong.
  8. 8What is a Motherboard?a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer
    (processor, connectors, expansions, fans)
  9. 9What is a External Peripheral Connection?-A peripheral device is defined as a computer device, such as a keyboard or printer, that is not part of the essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor).
    -Peripheral connections have controllers to connect device to motherboard (like USB)
    -Legacy connectors are the older way of doing it
  10. 10Do Graphics and/or Audio have controllers? What are each of there ports?YEs, Both
    Graphics = DVI
    Audio = 1/8 inch
  11. 11What is a Chipset and what does it do?-connects everything
    -speaks the language of incoming signals (protocols)
    -organizes traffic
    -manages the motherboard
    -ability of motherboard depends on the chipset
  12. 12What is the PSU and what does it do?Power Supply Unit
    -takes power from wall
    -connector divides it into useable power voltages
    -converts to low level voltage
    -keeps it consistent or stable
  13. 13What is a driver?A program that controls a device. Every device, whether it be a printer, disk drive, or keyboard, must have a driver program.
    3.5 inch desktop drive
    2.5 inch laptop drive
    -requires data and power connectors
  14. 14What are expansion slots?mostly within desktops but it allows you to add specialized daughterboards using standardized internal connections (PCI-e)
    -can be general purpose or have a set purpose
    -we use HDX cards as an example of this
  15. 15What are two functions of case design?Shielding and cooling
    -use heat sinks and fans
  16. 16What is the bezel?plastic casing on computers
  17. 17What does a heat sink do?increases surface area to disperse heat
  18. 18What is a computer ?programmable machine that accepts, processes and outputs data
  19. 19What is another term for a Program?User Application
  20. 20What is Programming Language ?formal language used to construct programs
  21. 21What is an Algorithm?formula in a program that determines how things are accomplished
  22. 22What is the Operating System?-collections of programs that control a computer
    -interface between programs and hardware
  23. 23What are the main components of the Operating System?Kernel, GUI, and Drivers
  24. 24What is the Kernel?Core functions of OS (memory management)
    -bridge between applications and data processing
    -communications between hardware and software
  25. 25What are drivers?Programs that interface hardware with OS
  26. 26What is the GUI?Graphical User Interface
    -what the user sees
  27. 27What is Hardware?the devices, chips and circuitry that performs tasks for software
    -includes processor, (RAM) memory, hard drive
  28. 28What is a API?Application Programming Interface
  29. 29What is Abstraction?-dealing with representations of concepts instead of actual realities
    -for ease of use or understanding
    -reduces needs to understand complex details underlying a system
    i.e. The GUI
  30. 30What is Protocol?establishes rules for communication and data transfer between devices
    -can apply to both hardware and software
    -may become a technical standard
  31. 31What are Standards?Guidelines for development and interoperability of technologies
    -allows 100s of different components from 100s of different manufacturers to work together
    ie MIDI and IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
  32. 32What are Platforms?underlying hardware and/0r software of a system
    -windows pc, apple, sony playstation
  33. 33What is a Cross Platform?software or hardware that can function on two or more platforms
  34. 34What does CPU stand for?Computer Processing Unit
  35. 35What is the CPU's clock speed measured inGHz or MHz
  36. 36What is a GPU? and with which component are they typically integrated with?Graphic processing unit
    Processor - CPU
  37. 37What is a Multi Processor?2 or more CPU's on a motherboard
  38. 38What is Multi Core? Dual Core? Quad Core?-multiple processors in a single IC (integrated circuit) or processor
    -2 cores in processor
    -4 cores in processor
  39. 39What is memory?a component that temporally stores data for future use
  40. 40What is system memory?faster way of retrieving memory then the use of HDD or SSD and uses RAM. Basically Holds the computers active programming
  41. 41What does SSD? and HDD?Solid State Drive
    Hard Disk drive
  42. 42What does non-volatile mean? volatile?-permanent data storage with power (SSD/HDD, ROM)
    -requires power to store data (RAM)
  43. 43What part of the OS manages memory?Kernel
  44. 44Where does the kernel reside? how about when shutoff?RAM
    HDD
  45. 45two main types of memory?ROM (read only memory)
    RAM (Random Access Memory)
  46. 46Is the data transmission between the HDD and CPU relatively fast or slow?Slow
  47. 47What does the HDD store?OS, Applications, User Data etc.
  48. 48What is the RAM speed of the DDR-SDRAM?1333Mhz
  49. 49What is RAM speed?it refers to the bus that transmits between the module and the memory controller
  50. 50What does DDR-SDRAM stand for? and what is it?Double Data Rate Sync Dynamic RAM
    -most popular kind of system memory which requires refreshing
  51. 51Which component is full of microscopic transistors that represent binary values?Memory Chip
  52. 52What does a transistor with a charge in the memory chip mean? transistor without a charge?Binary 1
    Binary 0
  53. 53What is refreshing?refreshing is "topping up" the chart when binary 1s because small capacitors can't hold charge for a long time (multiple times a second)
  54. 54What is a Memory Module? Common Types?Circuit board in which memory chips are attached
    DIMM: for desktop
    soDIMM: for laptops/iMac
  55. 55What is the Plug-in format in protools?AAX
  56. 56What does more RAM do in terms of audio production?more plugin instances, multiple simultaneous programs
  57. 57What is Virtual Memory? pros and cons of it?when RAM gets too full the computer often uses main storage (SSD/HDD)
    pro: greater memory then installed RAM
    con: can be brutally slow
  58. 58What does a more powerful CPU mean for us producers?more tracks, more plugins, more VIs
  59. 59RAM speeds typically operate at the ____ ____slowest module
  60. 60What is a Benchmark?system of tests that measure relative performance
  61. 61how many memory chips does the Avid HDX have?18 x 350 Mhz Chips
  62. 62What is a Motherboard?main circuit board that connects all components
  63. 63What basically determines the capabilities of the motherboard?The Chipset
  64. 64What are the parts of a Bus?Tx/Rx Hardware
    Physical traces or wires
    signalling protocol
  65. 65What are some common computer buses?PCI-e
    Firewire
    Thunderbolt
    USB
    Displayport
    Ethernet
  66. 66What are some specs about the PCI-e?serial bus, full-duplex transmission(sends and receive info), 1-16 Lanes, Bandwidth of any where from 86bps to 128bps, can be implemented with or without expansion slots
  67. 67What kind of slot does the Avid HDX PCI-e card require?4 Lane V2.0 slot
  68. 68What device is used if your computer doesn't have PCI-e expansion slots?Expansion Chassis
  69. 69What are some things to note about the USB?Universal Serial Bus
    -Hot swappable
    -5 metre length limit
    -Root hub connection to computers USB bus
    USB 3.1 provides 20V @ 5A for 100w of power
  70. 70What is the Type C connector?-reversible/ "future proof"
    -can carry USB 3.1, 3.0, 2.0, Display port and Thunderbolt Signals
    USB 2.0 - high speed - up to 480Mb/s
    USB 3.0 - Super Speed - Up to 5Gb/s
    USB 3.1 - Super Speed+ - 10 Gb/s
  71. 71What are some things to note about IEEE 1394? aka firewireCalled "Firewire"
    -devices may be chained to each other
    -hot swappable
    -5 metre length limit
    IEEE 1934a - Firewire 400 - up to 400 Mb/s
    IEEE 1394b - Firewire 800 - up to 800 Mb/s
  72. 72What are some thing to note about Thunderbolt?-it transmits PCI-e and Display Port Protocols
    -thunderbolt 3 also transmits USB 3.1
    -Up to 6 chained devices
    -can also vary connector types: (thunderbolt 1&2 = Mini Display Port connector)
    (thunderbolt 3 = USB type c connector)
  73. 73What are some things to note about Ethernet?-most common Networking Cable
    -uses UTP (unshielded twisted pair) and differential signalling (two to reduce crosstalk
  74. 74What is Crosstalk?interaction between between wires in cable
  75. 75What cable is used for gigabit Ethernet?Ethernet CAT5e
  76. 76What are drivers?a device specific code necessary for communication between hardware and software
  77. 77Where are drivers stored?on HDD and loaded into system memory when required
  78. 78What is a API?Application Programming Interface
    - a device that provides communication between drivers and applications
  79. 79Why are APIs beneficial?therefore interface drivers don't need to write for all programs
    1 common code
  80. 80What is the pro audio API for OS? Windows?CoreAudio = Mac
    ASIO = Windows
  81. 81What are class compliant drivers?a device that doesn't require extra drivers for it to work
  82. 82What are Audio Buffers?temporary holding of data in RAM to compensate for different transfer rates & decrease system CPU demands
  83. 83How do Buffers and Latency relate?large buffer = large delay
  84. 84What is Latency? how much could the round trip latency equal depending on factors?delay caused by an audio signal passes from input to output in a system
    20ms
  85. 85higher sample rate does what in terms of latency?lowers latency
  86. 86buffer size is a trade off between between what two things?performance and stability
  87. 87What is the equation to find out latency?Buffer size (in samples) / sample rate
  88. 88What is hardware monitoring? and what is it also referred to as?Zero or low latency monitoring
    - an alternate to buffer size where you copy (split) the signal coming into the interface and then route the copy right back out through the monitors
  89. 89What are the 3 general types of drivers? and are they volatile or non-volatile?Hard Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), Hybrid Drive
  90. 90What is a HDD? What is the spin speed unit? What are some typical spin speeds?a mechanical device that allows for permanent storage
    RPM
    5400rpm (laptop), 7200rpm, 10000rpm
  91. 91What is a SSD?a device that uses flash memory for storage
    -data is stored as voltage held in a cell, representing binary values
    can be single or multi-cell
  92. 92What is form factor?aspect of hardware design which has to do with size, shape, and other physical specs
  93. 93what is the M.2 form factor?a connector/slot that can hook into 4x PCI-e, USB 3.0 or SATA 3 buses
  94. 94what is a H-HDD?a combo of both HDD and SSD
    Apple fusion drive - SSD fills first and the excess less used data spills over into the HDD
  95. 95What is quicker at SSD or HDD?SSD
  96. 96What is SATAa serial ATA
    - data bus which is most commonly used for attaching drives to a motherboard
    SATA 2.0 (3 Gbit/s) = 300MB/s
    SATA 3.0 (6 Gbits/s) = 600MB/s
  97. 97What are SSD good to use for? What are HDD good to use for? What are H-HDD good to use for?-great for system drive and sample drivers
    -great for cost and relative performance, good for audio
    -a nice comprise for a system drive
  98. 98What is a bridge chipset and where is it used?used in external drives and is used to and from SATA to pass onto USB, Firewire or Thunderbolt
  99. 99What is a partition?a volume
    -user defined logical division of a drive
    -can have just 1 or multiple partitions
    -creating a partition is called partitioning
  100. 100What is a Partition Table (map or record)?a record that tracks partitions locations
    -where the partitions are
  101. 101What is a file system?a database for stored files
    -reuired on storage media to store and retrieve data
  102. 102to read a drivers contents a program must do what two things?1. understand the partition
    2. understand the file system
  103. 103what are the building blocks of logic circuits?transistors
  104. 104what is PCI-e 3.0s bandwidth ?8Gbps to 128 Gbps
  105. 105what is the typical spin speed for desktops?7200rpm
    5400rpm
  106. 106what is faster sequential or random?sequential
  107. 107what are the 3 partition record types?MBR - master boot record (old PC format)
    APM - apple partition map (most obsolete mac format)
    GPT - (modern) guid partition table, newer mac and pc formant, required to boost OSX
  108. 108what is firmware?software oared on a motherboard chip used to locate and boot OS
    -firmware is in control until OS is running during power up
  109. 109what are the three firmware types?BIOS = older PC firmware
    UEFI = newer PC firmware
    EFI = Mac Firmware
  110. 110explain if each file system type reads and/or write for each OS X and Windows; FAT32 NTFS HFS+ exFATboth
    both but only reads mac ( for instal and boot of windows 10)
    only mac (for install and boot of OS X)
    both (used for flash drives)
  111. 111is writing a partition record destructive or non destructive?destructive
  112. 112can partition drives be resized non destructively?yes to an extent
  113. 113how do you format a partition?designate number and size of partitions and impose a file system and its relate data structures onto a partition
    Includes file and directory hierarchy and allocation table)
  114. 114native partitioning/formating programs for windows and mac?disk management
    Disk Utility
  115. 115what are allocation units?data is written to a drive or file system in allocation units which are typically 4kB
    -each cluster has an address
  116. 116How do you write to a file system?1.allocation table queued for available clusters
    2.data is written to available clusters
    3. allocation table is updated
  117. 117when erasing from a file system are filesSSD actually deletes files
    HDD doesn't, hence when disk recovery is a thing
  118. 118what is journaling?the file system logs reads and writes to restore system in case of a crash
  119. 119what file system is used with pro tools on each platform?mac OS X: HFS+ is used,
    FAT32 and NTFS cannot be record volumes
    Windows: NTFS is used,
    FAT32 cannot be record volumes
  120. 120What is APFS?potentially new apple file system
  121. 121how many devices can be chained with thunderbolt? what protocol can thunderbolt 3 carry that thunderbolt 1 and 2 can't carry?6 devices
    USB 3.1
  122. 122active hub? root hub?a connecting device that regenerates signal to ensure a strong signal
    The USB root hub is not a physical device that you plug in a USB peripheral. The USB root hub is the software driver that lets you connect multiple USB peripherals to your computer.
  123. 123what kind of PCI-e slot in necessary for an Avid HDX PCIe Card?a 4 lane v2.0
  124. 124what type of cable uses UTP (unshielded twisted pair) and differential singling to reduce crosstalk?Etherent
  125. 125Where are drivers stored?HDD unless loaded into system memory for use
  126. 126Where is the Audio API located?OS - therefore HDD
  127. 127what is UNIX? what is its name? What is the name of the kernel in apple os x?core computer language - Darwin
    Mach
  128. 128what is the limiting factor of HDD? and SSD?HDD - media transfer rate
    SSD - the transmission bus, too small for output
  129. 129is ASIO cross platform?yes
  130. 130are multi cell SSDs faster or slower?slower
  131. 131how does a H-HDD function differently on PC vs Mac?Mac = SSD fills first then anything else spills over to HDD
    Windows = memory used more often will be held on the solid state portion for fast access anything else is HDD

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Computers FlashCards sobre COMP, criado por Tyler Vollett em 28-09-2017.
Criado por
Tyler Vollett
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  • Criado por Kaleb Vernon · 3 nov 2016
  • Copiado por Tyler Vollett · 28 set 2017
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