Flashcards
3. Applied Ethics
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1EuthanasiaWhen an individual is painlessly killed because that is what they wish, or because they have no choice to object
- 2Sanctity of Life EuthanasiaHuman life is sacred, and it should be preserved and treated with respect
Even in Genesis, human life was supposedly made in God's image - 3Quality of Life EuthanasiaAsks when quality of life can be deemed so poor that it would be better to die
- 4Active Euthanasia EuthanasiaInvolves mercy killing, e.g. a doctor deciding that it is in a patient's best interests to die
- 5Passive Euthanasia EuthanasiaInvolves withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, such as when a patient has no hope of recovering
- 6Voluntary Euthanasia EuthanasiaCarried out at a person's request, e.g. when somebody gives consent to having their life taken
- 7Non-Voluntary Euthanasia EuthanasiaOccurs when consent is impossible, e.g. if the patient is in a coma
- 8Involuntary Euthanasia EuthanasiaWhen a person's life is taken against their expressed wishes
- 9James Rachels EuthanasiaBoth Smith and Jones stand to gain large inheritances were anything to happen to each of their young cousins
Smith drowns his young cousin while he is taking a bath, however Jones' young cousin has already slipped and fell, so he watches him drown
Rachels argues that Jones' actions are a perversion of moral reasoning, so killing is just as bad as letting die - 10Peter Singer EuthanasiaBelieves we should be focusing on quality of life rather than sanctity of life
Countries operating euthanasia are working well anyway, though those who do not meet personhood (e.g. disability) must not be granted their wish - 11Corporate Social Responsibility Business EthicsBelieves businesses have a responsibility to operate ethically
This includes philanthropy, being sustainable, treating workers well, adhering to legislation, and allowing trade unions - 12Shareholders and Stakeholders Business EthicsShareholders: Owners of shares in a business, who contribute towards it
Stakeholders: Interested in the success or failure of a business - 13Milton Friedman Business EthicsThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits (1970)
Says a CEO risks getting fired if they do not adhere to their responsibility to the shareholders; they can contribute to other causes in their own time
It would be wrong to use business money to refrain from price increases, create jobs for the unskilled, and invest in pollution programmes - 14Slavoj Zizek Business EthicsBusinesses should donate profits to charities in their own time, rather than including charity donations in their prices
Individuals could then allow the money they save to go towards their own causes, making society more democratic - 15Globalisation Business EthicsRefers to how the world is becoming increasingly interconnected with itself
- 16Thomas Friedman Business EthicsSays there are many incentives for joining the global trade community
Non-participation may result in shareholders abandoning you, and you
can also contribute to other economies
Businesses must preserve cultures (glocalisation), e.g. there can't be Toby Carveries in Jain communities - 17Other Support for Globalisation Business EthicsPope Benedict XVI (2009): "Globalisation, a priori, is neither good nor bad."
Theresa May (2016): Businesses should be allowed to compete in a free market, though there should be more governmental control over them - 18Peter Singer Business EthicsGlobalisation means 'private decisions' have an effect on everyone
e.g. car emissions will have an effect on the Bangladeshi farmer trying to sustain his farm one metre above sea level
We should therefore aim to be more mindful in our actions - 19Evaluating Globalisation Business EthicsNestle Boycott (1970s): Developing countries were sold baby milk powder which would have deadly effects when mixed with their untreated water
Trafigura Disaster (2006): People in the Ivory Coast became ill after toxic waste was dumped there because it was cheaper to dispose of there
Rana Plaza Disaster (2013): Over 1,100 Bangladeshi workers were killed after their poorly-constructed sweatshop collapsed
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- A level Religious Studies (2. Religion and Ethics) FlashCards sobre 3. Applied Ethics, criado por Jordan Best em 07-11-2017.
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- Jordan Best
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