Flashcards
Appendicular Muscles
Flashcards do conjunto (63)
- 1Muscles Stabilizing and Moving the Shoulder Girdlemuscles closely associated with those of the upper arm
-all insert on scapulae
-one (trapezius) also inserts on clavicle - 2types of scapular movementa. Elevation
b. Depression
c. Protraction (abduction)
d. Retraction (adduction)
e. Upward rotation
f. Downward rotation - 3trapeziusa. Characteristics
-Large triangular muscle of the superficial back
b. Origins
- Occipital bone
-Ligamentum nuchae
-Spines of thoracic (1-12) and 7th cervical vertebrae
c. Insertion
- Clavicle
-Scapular spine
-Acromion process
d. Function
-Clavicular portion: raises scapula, clavicle and shoulder
-Scapular spine and acromion portion
-. Middle fibers: retracts (adducts) scapula towards vertebral column
- Lower fibers: depresses and pulls scapula downward
- Synergists
i. Levator scapulae
ii. Rhomboideus - 4Serratus anteriorOrigin
-Outer surface of ribs 1-8
Insertion
-Vertebral border of scapula
c. Function
-Protraction (abduction); upward rotation - 5Pectoralis minorOrigin
- Sternal ends of ribs 2-5
Insertion
-Coracoid process
Function
-Pulls scapula anteriorly - 6Muscles Stabilizing Scapulohumeral Joint and Moving Upper Armflexors, abductors, extensors, and rotators
- 7pectoralis major (upper arm flexor)Characteristics:
-Large breast muscle over pectoralis minor
Origin:
-Sternal manubrum
-Clavicle
Insertion:
-Lateral lip of humeral intertubercular groove
Function:
-Primary flexor and adductor
-Medial rotation
Synergists:
- Coracobrachialis & Deltoid - 8Deltoid (abductor)Characterisctics:
-Large, thick, triangular muscle responsible for the roundness of shoulders
Origin (same as insertion of trapezius):
-Clavicle
-Scapular spine
-Acromion process
Insertion:
-Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function:
-Adduction, Flexor, Extensor - 9Supraspinatus (abductor)Origin:
-Supraspinator fossa of scapula
Insertion:
-Greater tubercle of humerus
Function:
-Assistant abductor
-Superior border of musculotendinous cuff - 10Latissimus dorsi (extensor)Characterisctics:
-Wide triangular muscle of the lower back
Origin:
-Lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion:
-Floor and medial wall of intertubercular groove of humerus
Function:
-Extension (e.g., swimming, rowing, climbing) - 11Teres major (assistant extensor)Origin:
-Scapular lateral border
-Medial lip of intertubecular groove of humerus - 12Subscapularis (rotator)-Scapular subscapular fossa 1 (scapula)
Insertion:
-Lesser tubercle of humerus
Function:
- Chief internal and medial rotator
- Anterior border of musculotendinous cuff - 13Infraspinatus (rotator)Origin:
-Scapular infraspinator fossa
Insertion:
-Greater tubercle of humerus
Function:
-External or lateral rotator
-Upper posterior border of musculotendinous cuff - 14Teres minor (rotator)Origin:
-Lateral border of scapula
Insertion:
-Greater tubercle of humerus
Function:
-External or lateral rotator
-Lower posterior border of musculotendinous cuff - 15Muscles on Upper Arm and Moving Forearm at Elbow Joint1. Originate on pectoral girdle and humerus
2. Insert on humerus, radius and ulna
3. Compartments:
-Anterior compartment: flexors
-Posterior compartment: extensors - 16Biceps brachii (anterior upper arm compartment)Origin:
-Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
-Short head: Scapular coracoid process
Insertion:
-Radial tuberosity (radius)
Function:
-Chief flexor of the arm at the elbow - 17Brachialis (anterior upper arm compartment)Origin:
-Anterior, lower 2/3 of humerus
Insertion:
-Coracoid process of ulna - 18Triceps brachii (extensors, posterior compartment)Origin:
-Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
-Lateral head: posterior lateral surface of humerus
-Medial head: entire posterior surface of humerus
Insertion:
-Ulnar olecranon process
-Olecranon bursa
Function:
-Chief extensor of arm at elbow joint - 19forearm muscles1. Muscles originate on distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna
2. Muscles insert on carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
3. Bulk of muscle located in proximal forearm
4. Tendons start in distal forearm
5. Compartments
-Anterior compartment
i. Flexors
-Posterior compartment
i. Extensors
6. Tendons are held in place at the wrist by the flexor retinaculum - 20wrist flexors (superficial) ; anterior compartmentOrigin: epicondyle of humerus
Insertions:
-Flexor carpi radialis: base of the 2nd metacarpal
-Palmaris longus: palm aponeurosis (deep fascia)
-Flexor carpi ulnaris: carpals and 5th matacarpal - 21digit flexors (intermediate); anterior compartmentOrigin:
-Epicondyle of humerus
-Ulnar and radial heads
Insertion:
-Flexor digitorum superficialis: middle phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger (see B) - 22deep digit flexors; anterior compartmentOrigin:
-Anterior shaft of ulna and radius
Insertions:
-Flexor digitorum profundus: distal phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger
-Flexor pollicis longus: distal phalanx of pollex - 23extensors of wrist joint and digits; superficial, posterior compartmentOrigin: common tendon that attaches to lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertions (extensors of wrist joint): -Extensor carpi radialis longus: base of 2nd metacarpal
-Extensor carpi radialis brevis: base of 3rd metacarpal
-Extensor carpi ulnaris: base of 5th metacarpal
Insertions (extensors of digits):
-Extensor digitorum: middle, distal phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger
-Extensor digitorum minimi: middle, distal phalanx, 5th finger - 24extensors of wrist joint and digits; deep, posterior compartmentOrigin: posterior surface of ulna and radius
Insertions:
-Abductor pollicis longus (and brevis): base of 1st metacarpal
-Extensor pollicis longus (and brevis): distal (and proximal) phalanx of polis
-Extensor indicis: proximal phalanx of index finger - 25Supinator; deep, posterior compartmentOrigin:
-Lateral humeral eipcondyle
-Proximal lateral ulna
Insertion:
-Proximal lateral radius - 26Pronator teres; anterior compartment, superficialOrigin:
-Medial humeral epicondyle
-Ulnar coronoid process
Insertion:
-Lateral radius - 27Pronator quadratus; intermediate, anterior compartmentOrigin:
-Anterior, distal ulna
Insertion:
-Anterior distal radius - 28Muscles that Stabilize and Move Thigh at the Hipa. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Abduction
d. Adduction
e. Rotation (internal and external) - 29anterior hip muscles, movement at thigh (mainly flexors)iliopsaos
a. Major flexor of thigh
b. Compound muscle
i. Iliacus
ii. Psoas
c. Different origins
i. Iliacus: iliac fossa
ii. Psoas: transvers process of 12th thoracic thru 5th lumbar vertebrae
d. Common insertion: lesser trochanter of femur - 30posterior hip musclesPrimarily extensors, abductors and rotators
- 31Gluteus maximusOrigin: dorsal ilium
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: chief extensor of thigh; raises body from sitting position; straightens leg during walking - 32Gluteus mediusOrigin: lateral ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: major abductor of the thigh - 33Gluteus minimusOrigin: external surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: major abductor of the thigh - 34Tensor fascia lataeOrigin: outer ant. iliac creast
Insertion: lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibia tract
Action: abductor - 356 external rotators1. Piriformis
2. Obturator externus
3. Obturator internus
4. Gemellus
i. Superior
ii. Inferior
5. Quadratus femoris
Origins: posterior portion of pelvis
Insertions: greater trochanter of femur
Actions: rotate thigh laterally and stabilize hip joint - 36Muscle of thigh moving leg at hip and knee jointsmedial & posterior compartment
- 37medial compartmentsadductors, pectineus, gracilis, quads femoris, sartorius
- 38Adductor magnus (medial compartment)Origin: ischial and pubic rami
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femor
Action: adducts and laterally rotates - 39Adductor longus (medial compartment)Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femor
Action: adducts and laterally rotates - 40Adductor brevis (medial compartment)Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera of femor (above longus)
Action: adducts and laterally rotates - 41Pectineus (medial compartment)Origin: pubis
Insertion: posterior aspect of femur
Action: adducts, flexes and rotates thigh - 42Gracilis (medial compartment)Origin: inf. ramus of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Action: adducts thigh, flexes and rotates leg - 43Quadriceps femoris (medial compartment)a. Rectus femoris
b. Vastus lateralis
c. Vastus medialis
d. Vastus intermedius
e. Insertions: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Origins:
i. Vastus muscles: proximal anterior femur shaft
ii. Rectus femoris: anterior inf. iliac spine
Actions: chief extensor at knee
i. Rectus femoris: assistant flexor at hip - 44Sartorius (medial compartment)Origin: ant. superior iliac spine
Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia
Action: flexes and laterally rotates thigh - 45three hamstring muscles (posterior compartment)Biceps femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimembranous
- 46Biceps femorisOrigins: ishial tuberosity (long head), distal femur (short head)
Insertion: common tendon inserting into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg - 47SemitendinosisOrigin: ishial tuberosity
Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg - 48SemimembranousOrigin: ishial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg - 49leg musclesPrimary movements
-Dorsal and plantar flexion
-Inversion and eversion - 50Tibialis anterior (anterior compartment)Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and upper tibial shaft
Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion - 51Extensor digitorum (anterior compartment)Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal ¾ of fibula
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd phalanges
Action: dorsiflexion of foot; prime mover of toe extention - 52Peroneus (fibularis) tertius ; (anterior compartment)Origin: distal anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: lateral malleolus and 5th metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexes and everts foot - 53Extensor hallucis (anterior compartment)Origin: anteromedial fibula shaft
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Action: extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot - 54Peroneus longus (lateral compartment)Origin: upper portion of fibula
Insertion: medial cunneiform and 1st metatarsal
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot - 55Peroneus brevis (lateral compartment)Origin: distal portion of anterior fibula shaft
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot (outwards) - 56Posterior compartment of leg muscles: calf musclesChief plantar flexors of foot and toes
- 57Gastrocnemius (superficial, posterior)Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot - 58Soleus (superficial, posterior)Origin: superior tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes ankle - 59Plantaris (superficial, posterior)Origin: posterior femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot and assists in knee flexion - 60Flexor digitorum longus (deep, posterior)Origin: tibial shaft
Insertion: distal phalanx of 2nd thru 5th toes
Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot - 61Flexor hallucis longus (deep, posterior)Origin: fibular shaft
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot - 62Tibialis posterior (deep, posterior)Origin: upper portion of fibula and tibia
Insertion: several tarsals and metatarsals
Action: prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes ankle - 63Popliteus (deep)i. Origin: lateral condyle of femur
ii. Insertion: proximal tibia
iii. Action: flexes and rotates leg medially
Informações
- Descrição
- Anatomy & Physiology 1 FlashCards sobre Appendicular Muscles, criado por Mansi Trikha em 14-12-2017.
- Criado por
- Mansi Trikha
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