Flashcards
TSM Extra 2
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1Describe alzheimers amyloid hypothesis- no direct link to clinical signs
- a beta 42 forms plaques that damage the brain
- alpha secretase and gamma secretase involved in APP processing - 2Describe alzheimers tau hypothesis- microtubule associated protein that tangles and has a closer link to clinical signs
- 3Dementia with lewy bodiesAlpha - synuclein protein forms lewy bodys (sensitivity to antipsychotics)
- 4Vascular dementia2nd most common
result from stroke or build up of mini infarcts - 5Frontal DementiaGroup of dementia
Earlier presentation
Protein aggregates pathology (TAU, FET) - 6What does the anterior cerebral artery supplyMedial surface of frontal lobe and parietal lobe
- 7What does the posterior cerebral artery supplyHippocampus, thalamus, occipital and temporal lobe
- 8Where does the middle cerebral artery supplyFrontal lobe, lateral surface of temoral and parietal lobe. Internal capsule
- 9Describe declarative memoryMedial temporal lobe
Records of facts and events, accessible to consciousness - 10Describe procedural memoryIn striatum + Cerebellum + Amygdala
- Skills and Behaviors
- Learning a motor response
- Inaccessible to consiousness + hard to forget - 11Long term memory vs Short term MemoryLong - Term = greater capacity, more permanent + doesn't require continuous rehearsal
Sort - Term = temporary storage area, limited capacity, needs continuous rehearsal. Multiple brain areas - 12Retrograde amnesiaCan't produce new memories for a short while, cant remember things from a certain period
- 13Anterograde Amnesia- Can't form new neurones
- Declerative memory affected = medial temporal lobe (long term memory more affected than short term memory)
LONG TERM MEMORY, ANTEROGRADE, TEMPORAL, DECLERATIVE - 14Importance of hippocampus in memoryImportant for associate learning + bringing different inputs for memory = procedural memory
- 15Describe the long term memory/ anterograde systemCortical association areas (sensory input) - parahipocampal/ rhinal cortex - hippocampus - thalamus/ hypothalamus - neocortex - cortical association areas
- 16Importance of amygdala in memory and what happens if there is a lesion thereBrings in emotional input
Lesions - hypersexuality, hyperphagia (eating everything) + flat emotions, inappropriate behaviour (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome) - 17What is Korsakoffs SyndromeDue to thiamin deficiency secondary to alcahol, usually malnutrition
- Anterograde and retrograde memory disturbance
- Lesions in mamillary bodies + dorsomedial thalamus - 18What kind of memory disorder do parkinsons patients haveProcedural memory disorder (implict)
striatum, cerebellar, amygdala
Striatal lesions
Fine at declerative memory not good with procedural memory
Cannot associate sensory stimulus with motor response e.g. weather prediction game - 19What kind of memory disorder do dementia patients have- Primary dementia = protein deposits cause neurone death e.g. alzheimers plaques + tangles
- They have a problem with declerative memory (medial temporal lobe) - 20Describe Long Term Potentiation- Change in synapse to increase efficiency
- Occurs in medial part of temporal lobe = hippocampus (dentate gyrus)
Requires glutamte, NMDA receptors and Ca2+ (influx initiates protein synthesis via transcription factors)
- Important in memory formation - 21Describe pathway for LTPGlutamate across synapse
Attaches to NMDA receptors
Cell becomes depolarised and MG+ blocking receptor is expelled
Ca2+ enters post synaptic cell and 2nd messenger cascade occurs
(fewer NMDA receptors = less spatial memory) - 22What does Alzheimer's do to NMDA receptor- Too much activation of glutamate neurones but underactivation of Ach
- leads to cell apoptosis
- NMDA antagonist = approved treatment
- also Achesterase inhibitors to increase Ach which is reduced in Alzheimers
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- TSM FlashCards sobre TSM Extra 2, criado por Wannie Chisala em 08-01-2018.
- Criado por
- Wannie Chisala
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