Flashcards
Unit 5 - periodicity
Flashcards do conjunto (101)
- 1From the period 3 elements, sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metallic. what does this mean?they are shiny when freshly exposed to air
conduct electricity
react with dilute acids to give hydrogen and salts - 2silicon is asemi-metal
- 3if something is a semi-metal what does this meanit conducts electricity to some extent
it is good for semi-conductor devices - 4phosphorous,sulfur and chlorine are typicalnon-metals
- 5do non-metal conduct electricityno
- 6do non-metal have high or low melting and boiling points?low
- 7argon is anoble gas
- 8noble gases arechemically unreactive and exist as separate atoms
- 9what type of reaction are all the elements in period 3?redox reactions
- 10why are the period 3 elements all redox reactions?because every element starts with a oxidation state of zero and ends up with a positive or negative oxidation state
- 11which period 3 elements react with water?sodium and magnesium are the only metals
chlorine is the only non-metal. - 12sodium and water reactvigorously
- 13describe what you see when sodium reacts with watersodium floats on the top of the surface of the water, and fizzes rapidly.
the sodium melts because of the heat given out by the reaction. - 14what is formed from the reaction of sodium with water?a strongly alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (pH13-14)
- 15write the equation of the reaction with sodium and water showing the changes in oxidation states
- 16describe the reaction of magnesium and watervery very slow! only a few bubbles of hydrogen are formed after some days
- 17what is the result of the reaction of sodium with water?is less alkaline than sodium and water reaction, as magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble, pH of around 10.
- 18write the reaction of magensium and water, showing changes in oxidation states.
- 19how can you make the reaction of magnesium and water faster?by using heated magnesium and steam
- 20what are the products of heated magnesium and steam reacting together?magnesium oxide and hydrogen
- 21give the equation of heated magnesium and steam, showing the changes in oxidation state
- 22in the reaction of water with sodium/magnesium is a redox one. what oxides and what reduces?the oxidation state of the metal increases
the oxidation state of the hydrogen decreases - 23which elements in period 3 react with oxygen?all of them except argon
- 24reactions of elements from period 3 with oxygen are allexothermic
- 25describe sodium and oxygen reactionsodium burns brightly in air with a yellow flame
- 26what is the product of sodium with oxygen?white sodium oxide
- 27write the equation if sodium with oxygen?
- 28describe magnesium with oxygen reactiona strip of Mg ribbon burns in air with a bright white flame
- 29what is the product of magnesium and oxygen?a white powder of magnesium oxide is produced
- 30to make the flame more intense, what should you do?lower the burning magnesium into a gas jar of oxygen
- 31write the equation of magnesium with oxygen
- 32what happens to the oxidation states of magnesium and oxygen when they react together?magnesium's oxidation state has increased
oxygen's oxidation state reduces - 33describe aluminium with oxygen reactionaluminium powder is heated and then lowered into a gas jar of oxygen.
it brightly burns, to give a white powder - 34the white powder produced when aluminum is reacted with oxygen is...aluminium oxide
- 35the equation for aluminum oxide and oxygen is....
- 36aluminium is a reactive metal but appears to be unreactive.. why?because it is always coated with a strongly bonded surface layer of oxide.
this protects is from further reaction - 37aluminium is used in everyday products such assaucepans, garage doors, window frames
- 38even is aluminum's surface is scratched, why is it not reactive then?because the exposed aluminium reacts rapidly with the air and seals off the surface
- 39when will silicon form silicon oxide?when it is heated strongly in oxygen
- 40write the equation of silicon with oxygen and show changing oxidation states
- 41There are two types of Phosphorus, what are they?red, and white
- 42before reacting red phosphorus with oxygen, what must you do?it must be heated
- 43how does white phosphorus react with oxygen?white phosphorus spontaneously ignites in air and the white smoke of phosphorus pentoxide is given off
- 44red and white phosphorus areallotropes, meaning they are the same element but the atoms are arranged differently
- 45write the equation of phosphorus with oxygen showing the changing oxidation numbers
- 46if the supply of oxygen is limited in the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen, what else is produced?Phosphorus trioxide, P2O3, is also formed alongside phosphorus pentoxide
- 47which period 3 elements are metallicsodium, magnesium and aluminium
- 48describe the reaction between sulfur and oxygenburns with a blue flame to form a colourless gas
- 49describe how the reaction takes place between sulfur and oxygenthe sulfur powder is heated and lowered into a gas jar of oxygen
- 50draw the equation of sulfur and oxygen showing the changing oxidation states
- 51in all reactions between period 3 elements and oxygen, what gets oxidised and what gets reduced?the period 3 element increases in oxidation state and that of oxygen decreases in oxidation state.
- 52as move from left to right of the period 3 elements, what happen to the oxidation number?it increases
- 53the melting points of metal oxides arehigh!
as sodium, magnesium and aluminium are formed by a metal combined to a non-metal.
therefore this means that they form giant ionic lattices where the bonding extends through the compound - 54the type of bonding in aluminium is...mainly ionic but has some covalent character
- 55the covalent characteristics of the aluminium bonding is becausealuminum forms very small ions with a large positive charge and so can approach closely to the O2- and distort it's electron cloud.
- 56the greater the difference in electronegativitiesthe greater the ionic character of the bond
- 57if the difference in electronegativities is 0 then what does this mean about its bonding.it means it is 100% covalent
- 58what is the bonding in silicon oxide?giant covalent (macro molecular)structure.
this bonding is throughout the structure - 59does silicon oxide have a high or low melting point?high, as many strong covalent bonds must be broken
- 60draw what pure ionic bonding looks like...
- 61draw what distortion in ionic bonding looks like...
- 62draw what some degree of covalent bonding looks like in Aluminium oxide
- 63phosphorus oxide is solide. name the intermolecular forces in itweak van der Waals, and dipoli-dipole forces
- 64the melting points of phosphorus are fairlylow
- 65what state are sulfur dioxide and trioxidegases
- 66draw a table showing the oxides of the period 3 elements telling us their bonding and structure
- 67which oxides are bases?sodium and magnesium
- 68sodium oxides reacts with water to givesodium hydroxide solution
- 69write the equation of the reaction between sodium oxide and water
- 70magnesium oxide reacts with water to producemagnesium hydroxide
- 71write the equation for magnesium oxide and water
- 72which oxides are insoluble?aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide
- 73acidic oxides are formed fromnon-metal on the right hand side of the periodic table
- 74how does phosphorus pentoxide react with water? and what does it produce?react quite violently
to produce and acidic solution of Phosphoric acid - 75write the equation showing phosphorus reacting with water
- 76H2PO4(aq) ionies in stages, the first being...
- 77sulfur dioxide is fairly soluble in water, and reacts to give anacidic solution of sulfuric acid
- 78sulfuric acid partially dissociates producing a H+ ion, which causes the acidity of the solution
- 79how does sulfur trioxide react with water? and what does it produce?it reacts violently to produce sulfuric (VI) acid
- 80the equation for sulfur trioxide and water is
- 81what is the overall pattern of reactions of period 3 oxides with water?metal oxides (left of the periodic table) form alkaline solutions in water, non-metal oxides (on the right) for acidic ones, while those in the middle do not react
- 82draw a table that summaries the oxides in water
- 83what is the general pattern of the period 3 oxides? and how they react with water?because it contains the O2- ion. which is a very strong base and readily reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions
- 84why does sodium oxide with water produce more alkaline solution than magnesium oxide?because magnesium oxide is less soluble that sodium oxide
- 85why does aluminium oxide not react?because the bonding is too strong to be separated due to the additional covalent bonding on top of the ionic bonding
- 86silicon dioxide will not react becauseit is a giant macro molecule, and water will not affect this type of structure
- 87phosphorus and sulfur oxides react with water becausethey are covalent molecules and react with water to form acid solutions
- 88sodium and magnesium oxide react to give..salt and water only
- 89sodium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to give ...
- 90magnesium oxide react with HCl to give...
- 91aluminium reacts with bothacids and bases
- 92aluminium oxide with HCL gives us
- 93aluminium oxide with hot conc sodium hydroxide gives us
- 94silicon dioxide will react as aweak acid with strong bases
- 95silicon dioxide with hot concentrated sodium hydoxide produces
- 96the reaction of Phosphorus pentoxide, P4O10,is the same as the reaction of phosphoric acid,
as phosphorus pentoxide with water forms phosphoric acid - 97phosphoric acid has threeO - H group, each with an acidic H atom.
- 98phosphoric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in 3 stages, where each H in turn reacts with a hydroxide ion, and is replaced by a Na ion
- 99the overall reaction for Phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide is..
- 100when we add sodium hydroxide to sulfur dioxide we first formsodium hydrogensulfate
followed by sodium(IV) sulfate - 101the equations for sulfue dioxide and NaOH is
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- FlashCards sobre Unit 5 - periodicity, criado por jasmin.sahota em 14-06-2013.
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