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Flashcards

computing paper 1

Elliot Harrison Inglês 44 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (44)

  1. 1The purpose of the CPUThe CPU is responsible for executing a sequence of stored instructions called a program.
  2. 2• MAR (Memory Address Register)MAR holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed.
  3. 3• MDR (Memory Data Register)that stores the data being transferred to and from the immediate access storage.
  4. 4Program CounterAs each instruction gets fetched, the program counter increases its stored value by 1
  5. 5Accumulatoraccumulator is a register in which intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored.
  6. 6ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations. It represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
  7. 7CU (Control Unit)A control unit (CU) handles all processor control signals. It directs all input and output flow, fetches code for instructions from microprograms and directs other units and models by providing control and timing signals
  8. 8CacheReserved areas of memory in every computer that are used to speed up instruction execution, data retrieval and data updating.
  9. 9The function on the CPU as fetch and execute instructions stored in memoryis the basic operational process of a computer. It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction dictates, and carries out those actions.
  10. 10• Clock speedmeasured in megahertz or gigahertz. One megahertz is equal to one million cycles per second, while one gigahertz equals one billion cycles per second
  11. 11Embedded systems:An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints
  12. 12• Purpose of embedded systemsIt is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts.
  13. 13Examples of embedded systems.MP3 players, mobile phones, video game consoles
  14. 14The difference between RAM and ROMThere is one major difference between a (ROM) and a (RAM) chip: ROM can hold data without power and RAM cannot. Essentially, ROM is meant for permanent storage, and RAM is for temporary
  15. 15The purpose of ROM in a computer systemIt's used to store the start-up instructions for a computer, also known as the firmware
  16. 16The purpose of RAM in a computer systemis the hardware in a computing device where the operating system application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor.
  17. 17The need for virtual memoryVirtual memory combines your computer's RAM with temporary space on your hard disk
  18. 18Flash memoryan electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
  19. 19The need for secondary storageis needed because it is non-volatile, meaning it retains its contents without the need for a power supply.
  20. 20Data capacity and calculation of data capacity requirementsIt should include the total space required to support the current requirements, the space required to support growth, the space required for virtual machine swapfiles, and the additional slack space for snapshots, logs, and other virtual machine data.
  21. 21opticalis the storage of data on an optically readable medium
  22. 22magneticis one of the most affordable ways to store large amounts of data and has been implemented using magnetic tape, floppy disks and hard disk drives.
  23. 23solid stateis a type of non-volatile computer storage that stores and retrieves digital information using only electronic circuits, without any involvement of moving mechanical parts.
  24. 24LANa computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of buildings
  25. 25WANcomputer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area network
  26. 26Factors that affect the performance of networksBandwidth.
    Throughput.
    Latency.
    Jitter
    Error rate
  27. 27The different roles of computers in a client-server and a peer-to-peer networkapeer-to-peer network has no central server. Each workstation on the network shares its files equally with the others. There's no central storage or authentication of users. Conversely, there are separate dedicated servers and clients in a client/server network
  28. 28Wireless access pointsa wireless access point, or more generally just access point , is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network.
  29. 29Routers / Switchesare both computer networking devices that allow one or more computers to be connected to other computers, networked devices, or to other networks
  30. 30NIC (Network Interface Controller / Card)is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
  31. 31DNS (Domain Name Server)They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
  32. 32Hostings a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web.
  33. 33The Cloudthe practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
  34. 34encryptionthe process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.
  35. 35Etherneta system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.
  36. 36TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network
  37. 37HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems
  38. 38HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure)for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. In HTTPS, the communication protocol is encrypted by Transport Layer Security
  39. 39FTP (File Transfer Protocol)is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network
  40. 40POP (Post Office Protocol)is a type of computer networking and Internet standard protocol that extracts and retrieves email from a remote mail server for access by the host machine
  41. 41IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)is an Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
  42. 42• The Data Protection Act 1998The main intent is to protect individuals against misuse or abuse of information about them.
  43. 43Computer Misuse Act 1990designed to protect computer users against willful attacks and theft of information. Offences under the act include hacking, unauthorized access to computer systems
  44. 44—

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FlashCards sobre computing paper 1 , criado por Elliot Harrison em 13-05-2018.
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Elliot Harrison
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