Flashcards
Introduction to Intelligence - Short Answer
Flashcards do conjunto (5)
- 1Contrast Eastern and Western implicit theories of intelligence.Western theories emphasise mental speed, spontaneous adaptability, individualism, and self-assertion. Behaviours such as practical problem solving and verbal ability, and traits such as goal-orientation, multi-tasking, pattern perception are rewarded. They promote bound cognition, wherein your intelligence is specific to you, not your conditions.
Eastern theories of intelligence value interpersonal skills, intrapersonal awareness, and traditional wisdom, with an emphasis on collectivism, humility, and harmony. They promote shared cognition, which considers importance as the result of the physical and social environment of learning, not the individual's cognitive processes. - 2Discuss the effect of age in how people define intelligence.Norms are considered in respect to age. People of different ages have different perceptions of intelligence, as children put emphasis on social characteristics, without respect to the possibility of having different skill levels in different domains, while adults value cognitive characteristics.
- 3Discuss the effect of processional discipline in how people define intelligence.People define intelligence in terms of what is important to them, which is typically influenced by their professional discipline. For example, philosophy majors value logical thinking, while business majors value focus on essential issues, while arts majors value the ability to weigh up alternatives, and physics majors value precise mathematical thinking.
- 4Discuss the effects of one's own abilities in perception of intelligence.By a self-enhancement function studied by Dunning, individuals tend to define intelligence in terms of their own strengths.
The Dunning-Kruger effect has also been discussed, wherein the individual does not always recognise where they lack skill, leading them to make overestimations about their own ability. The opposite can also happen, wherein a person does not recognise that they have a skill, leading to underestimations. - 5Describe explicit definitions of intelligence.Explicit definitions of intelligence are varied. For example:
Weschler: the ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and cope with the environment
Simonton: general cognitive capabilities allowing adaption and success in any environment
Kurzwell: efficient use of resources to achieve goals
Gardner: the ability to solve/create problems relevant to cultural setting
Boring: "intelligence is what is measured by intelligence tests"
A consensus of 52 experts defines intelligence as: reasoning, solving, abstract thinking, the ability to learn quickly and from experience, comprehend surroundings, and figuring out what to do
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- Individual Differences & Personality (Short Answer Tests) FlashCards sobre Introduction to Intelligence - Short Answer, criado por Jamie Otten em 15-05-2018.
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- Jamie Otten
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