Flashcards
Tectonics Key Terms
Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1EarthquakeViolent shaking of the earth due to the movement on a fault.
- 2VolcanoThe location where molten material is erupting on the Earth's surface.
- 3TsunamiLarge ocean waves created by earthquakes or landslides within the ocean.
- 4Tectonic plateA large area of the Earth's crust which is stable moves slowly around the Earth's surface.
- 5Plate boundaryThe edge of a tectonic plate where tectonic activity is most focused.
- 6Divergent plate boundaryWhere two tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
- 7Convergent plate boundaryThere two tectonic plates are moving towards each other.
- 8Conservative plate boundaryWhere two tectonic plates are moving past each other.
- 9Intra-plate earthquakesEarthquakes that occur in the middle of a tectonic plate rather than on the margins.
- 10Intra-plate volcanismVolcanic eruptions that occur in the middle of a tectonic plate rather than on the margins.
- 11Convection currentMovement of hot material in the Mantle which is thought to be the primary driver of tectonic plate movement.
- 12Mantle plumesA distinct column of hot mantle material which is rising towards the surface of the Earth, creating intra-plate volcanism.
- 13Plate tectonicsThe theory of how tectonic plates move around the Earth's surface.
- 14CrustThe coolest and thinnest part of the Earth, made up of Continental and Oceanic crust.
- 15MantleThe large area of molten rock which acts in a plastic fashion between the Crust and the Core of the Earth.
- 16Outer CoreThe liquid outer sphere of the Earth's Core, primarily comprising Iron and Nickel, this layer is where the Earth's magnetic field is generated.
- 17Inner CoreThe solid inner sphere of the Earth's Core, primarily comprising Iron and Nickel.
- 18PalaeomagnetismA record of the orientation of past magnetic fields recorded in igneous rocks as they are erupted at mid-ocean ridges.
- 19Sea-floor spreadingThe theory of how mid-ocean ridges are formed and new oceanic crust is created and then pushed away from the ridge.
- 20Slab pullThe increased speed of movement of a tectonic plate once subduction has started to occur.
- 21SubductionThe descent and destruction of an oceanic plate back into the mantle.
- 22Magnitude of an earthquakeThe size of an earthquake, normally measured on the Magnitude Moment Scale or Richter Scale.
- 23Benioff ZoneAn area of earthquakes that can be shown to correlate with the location of a subducting oceanic plate as it descends into the mantle.
- 24Earthquake focusThe location of the origin of movement in an earthquake, it has both a surface location and depth.
- 25Earthquake epicentreThe location on the surface of the origin of an earthquake.
- 26P-wavesCompressional waves which travel fastest through the Earth and can travel through all materials.
- 27S-wavesShear waves where the movement of the particles is at 90° from the movement of energy transfer, these waves cannot travel through a liquid and are therefore stopped by the Earth's Outer Core.
- 28L-wavesLove waves, travel on the surface of the Earth and involve a circular movement of material as the seismic energy passes through an area.
- 29LiquefactionThe conversion of solid land into liquid due to the shaking occurring in an earthquake. This often leads to the sinking and collapse of buildings on soft sediments.
- 30LandslidesThe collapse of material down slopes caused by the violent shaking in an earthquake.
- 31LavaMolten rock erupted onto the Earth's surface from a volcano.
- 32Pyroclastic flowAn extremely dangerous cloud of solid rock, lava, ash and volcanic gases erupted from some volcanoes. It can travel at speeds of up to 200 km/hr.
- 33Ash fallThe covering of surfaces by small particles of volcanic material (ash) which form during an eruption. These can be found in deposits centimetres to metres thick and are so heavy they can sometimes cause buildings to collapse.
- 34LaharsA mixture of water and volcanic ash that often occurs after heavy rain in areas recently affected by volcanic eruptions. These can form thick deposits of mud in river valleys that then set to form a material as hard as concrete.
- 35JokulhlaupsA mixture of water from glaciers melting during a volcanic eruption and volcanic material which is then washed down river valleys and can create serious flooding issues during a volcanic eruption.
Informações
- Descrição
- A level Geography (Tectonic Hazards) FlashCards sobre Tectonics Key Terms, criado por Wesley Spearman em 16-05-2018.
- Criado por
- Wesley Spearman
- Visualizações
- 43
- Tags
- Avaliação