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Flashcards

Chapter 8 and 9 Science Test - Space

Amy Whalen Science Grade 8 Inglês 93 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (93)

  1. 1How many days does it take for Earth to make a full rotation?365.25 days
  2. 2What is orbital radius?the average distance between and object in the solar system and the sun
  3. 3Wha is orbital period?How long it takes for a planet to complete a full revolution around the Sun
  4. 4Why do you always see the same side of the Moon?The Moon completes one rotation on its axis in the same amount of time it takes it to revolve around the Earth
  5. 5What is Gravitational Force and what does it allow the Earth to do?the force of attraction between all masses in the Universe and it allows Earth to orbit the Sun
  6. 6What is a heliocentric model?A model that shows Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
  7. 7What is a geocentric model?A model that shows that the Sun and planets revolve around the Earth
  8. 8What is Earth tilted at?23.5°
  9. 9Why do we have different seasons?Because the Earth is tilted towards the Sun at different times per year
  10. 10What is a solstice?An event that occurs two times each year, when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun
  11. 11What is an equinox and when are they?The time of the year when the hours of daylight equals the hours of darkness:
    September 23, December 22, March 21, and June 22
  12. 12What is precession and how often does it happen?It is the changing direction of the Earth's axis and it points in a different direction every 26000 years
  13. 13What is the star that appears fixed in the sky?Polaris or the North Star
  14. 14What is a lunar cycle?All the phases of the moon over a period of about 4 weeks
  15. 15What is a solar eclipse?When the moon is between Earth and the Sun; only possible the in the new moon phase
  16. 16What is a lunar eclipse?When Earth is between the Sun and Moon; can appear orange or red
  17. 17What are tides?The alternate rising and falling of the surface of large bodies of water; caused by the interaction between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
  18. 18What is a constellation?a group of stars observed from Earth; stars move over time
  19. 19What is the celestial sphere and what is it divided into?It is a sphere that rotates around the Earth; imaginary. It is divided into the North d South hemisphere
  20. 20What is astronomy?The scientific study of what is beyond Earth
  21. 21What is a celestial object?Any object that exists in space
  22. 22What is the Universe?Everything that exists, including all energy, matter, and space
  23. 23What is a star?A massive collection of gases held together bu its own gravity and emitting huge amounts of energy; luminous
  24. 24What does luminous mean?Producing and giving off light; shining
  25. 25What is a planet?A large, round celestial object that travels around a star
  26. 26What is the Solar System?The Sun and all objects that travel around it
  27. 27What is a satellite? Is a Moon a satellite?A celestial object that travels around a planet or dwarf planet. Moons are satellites.
  28. 28What is a galaxy?A huge, rotating collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars, planets, and other celestial objects
  29. 29What is EM Radiation?Energy emitted from matter, consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light
  30. 30What is the EM spectrum?the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation extending from radio waves to gamma rays, and including visible light
  31. 31Where does nuclear fusion happen in the Sun?nuclear fusion
  32. 32What is the order (from the inside out) of the layers of the Sun?Core, Radiation Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona
  33. 33What is a sunspot?dark spots appearing on the Sun's surface that are cooler than the area surrounding them
  34. 34What is a solar flare?gases and charged particles expelled above an active sunspot
  35. 35What is a solar prominence?Low-energy gas eruptions from the Sun's surface that extends thousands of kilometres into space
  36. 36What causes the Auroras?Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field that is strongest at the North and South pole and when solar winds come in contact with particles from the field, it produces a light display in the sky.
  37. 37What is the astronomical unit?,
  38. 38What characteristics do planets have to be considered planets?- be in orbit around a star
    - have enough mass to be pulled into a stable sphere by gravity
    - dominate its orbit
  39. 39What is the asteroid belt?It is composed of rock and metal and is located between mars and jupiter
  40. 40What is a meteoroid?It is smaller than an asteroid and gets pulled into Earth's gravity creating shooting stars
  41. 41What is a comet?A chunk of ice and dust that travels in a very long orbit around the Sun
  42. 42What is the ecliptic?The path across the sky that the Sun, the Moon and the zodiac constellations appear to follow over the course of a year
  43. 43What is retrograde motion?The apparent motion of an object in the sky, usually a planet, from East to West, rather than in its normal motion from west to east
  44. 44What is Azimuth?The horizontal angular distance from north measured eastward along the horizon to a point directly below a celestial body
  45. 45What is Altitude?The angular height a celestial object appears to be above the horizon; measured vertically from the horizon
  46. 46What does one lightyear equal?1ly= 9.46 x 10 to the power of 12 km
  47. 47What is parallax?The apparent change in position of an object as viewed from two different locations that are not on
    a line with the object
  48. 48What is luminosity?the total amount of energy produced by a star per second; Luminosity of a star is compared to the luminosity of the Sun which is 1
  49. 49What is apparent magnitude?the brightness of a star seen by an observer on Earth; The brighter a star is, the lower apparent magnitude and the opposite for darker stars
  50. 50What is absolute magnitude?the brightness of stars as if they were all located 33 ly from Earth; If Polaris and the Sun were beside each other, Polaris would be brighter because it has a lower absolute magnitude
  51. 51What do the temperatures of stars range from?2000 to 50000 degrees
  52. 52What is solar mass?a value used to describe the masses of galaxies and stars other than our Sun; equal to the mass of the Sun (2 ×10 30 kg)
  53. 53What does a star begin as?A star begins its life cycle deep inside a massive cloud of interstellar gas, and dust called a nebula
  54. 54How is a protostar formed?gravitational forces pull in gases and dust towards the center of the nebula, which causes clumps as these clumps become more and more dense, and have higher gravitational forces, they create what’s called a Protostar
  55. 55What is the Hertzsprung-Russell DiagramA diagram that shows differents stars and their brightness, colour and size
  56. 56Why do red giant stars turn into white dwarf starsAs Red Giants continue to expand they lose more and more mass, until eventually only the core of the star is left, which then becomes a White Dwarf—a small, dim, hot star
  57. 57What is a supernova?is caused When a massive star runs out of hydrogen for fusion and begins to fuse helium into carbon
  58. 58What is a neutron star?an extremely dense star made up of tightly packed neutrons; results when a star over 10 solar masses collapses
  59. 59What is a Solar Nebula?A massive cloud of gas and dust, and inside, clumps of gas dust and dust form and one becomes a protostar
  60. 60What is the Protostar?It begins to contract under its own gravity and will start to spin and then nuclear fusion starts
  61. 61What is Nuclear Fusion?Nuclear fusion starts when the protostar spins fast enough to produce heat, forming a disk of gas and dust and then solar winds push the lighter elements away from the sun creating a gas giant
  62. 62How are Rocky Planets Formed?Gravity pulls smaller rocks into bigger objects. The Earth got hit by a dwarf planet while being formed
  63. 63How is a gas giant formed?The Sun pushed away the lighter elements creating its own atmosphere
  64. 64How many years did the Sun take to form into the main sequence?30 Million
  65. 65What is a Star Cluster?A group of stars held together by gravity that was formed in the nebula
  66. 66What is an open star cluster?A collection of six to thousands of usually young stars
  67. 67What is a globular star cluster?A ball-shaped collection of thousands to millions of very old stars
  68. 68What is an elliptical galaxy?A large group of stars that together make an elliptical or oval shape
  69. 69What is a spiral galaxyA large group of stars that together make a spiral shape such as the Milky Way
  70. 70What is a lenticular galaxy?A large group of stars that together make a shape that has a central bulge but no spiral arms
  71. 71What is an irregular galaxy?A large group of stars that together make an irregular shape
  72. 72How many lightyears is the Sun from the centre of the Milky Way?30000 ly
  73. 73What exists in the middle of the Milky Way?A huge black hole that affects the gravitational pull
  74. 74What is a quasar?A distant, young galaxy that emits large amounts of energy produced by a supermassive black hole at its centre. It is considered the most powerful energy producer of all
  75. 75What galaxy cluster is the Milky Way a part of?The local group
  76. 76What supercluster is the Milky Way a part of?The Virgo Supercluster
  77. 77Who discovered that there was more than 1 galaxy?Edwin Hubble
  78. 78What is redshift?A phenomenon of light from galaxies shifting the red end of the visible spectrum, indicating that the galaxies are moving away from Earth
  79. 79What is Hubble's Law?The further away the galaxy, the greater the redshift and therefore appears to be moving faster
  80. 80What is dark matter?A matter that makes star move 10 times faster than they are supposed to and it is not visible to the human eye. The gravity of dark matter holds the universe together
  81. 81What is dark energy?The force working against the force of gravity causing the speed of the universe expanding to increase
  82. 82What is the big band theory?A theory that suggests that the universe was formed from a hot, dense, point with a volume smaller than the period at the end of a sentence approximately 13.7 billion years ago. When it cooled, the energy turned into matter and then this matter formed clumps which are now stars and galaxies
  83. 83What is the evidence that the big band theory happened?- Radiation from all parts of the universe
    - the static interference from energy remnants released by the space expansion
    - differences in temperatures in space
  84. 84What do most telescopes collect?Electromagnetic radiation
  85. 85What is a refracting telescope?An optical telescope that uses glass lenses to gather and focus light
  86. 86What is a reflecting telescope?An optical telescope that uses mirrors to gather and focus light
  87. 87What is a spacecraft?a human-occupied or robotic vehicle used to explore space or celestial objects
  88. 88What are some daily challenges of living on the ISS?Water is unattainable and very valuable
  89. 89What is the Canadarm?It is a robotic arm attached to the ISS that acts like a human arm
  90. 90What is a space probe?It is sent to observe the Solar System, mostly controlled from here on Earth
  91. 91What are some alternate fuels to fuel Spacecrafts?Nuclear Energy - energy released from the nucleus of radioactive atoms
  92. 92How much per cent of bone mass do astronauts lose every month they are in space2%
  93. 93What is space junk?Space junk debris from artificial objects orbiting Earth

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Grade 8 Science FlashCards sobre Chapter 8 and 9 Science Test - Space, criado por Amy Whalen em 12-01-2020.
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Amy Whalen
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