Flashcards
Geography AQA Revison topics Migration, Population Change, Youthful Populations and more
Flashcards do conjunto (39)
- 1Population Distributionthe spread of people across the Earth's
surface - 2Density populationthe number of people living in a given area
- 3Population density- how to work it outTotal population/Total area= no. of people
in a sq km - 4Density variation factorsEducation
Climate
Industrial opportunities
Economy
Growth of crops
Housing - 5Birth rateNumber of live births per thousand per year
- 6Death rateNumber of deaths per thousand per year
- 7Natural increase/ decreaseDifference between birth and death rate
- 8Fertility rateBirths per 1000 women of childbearing age
- 9Stage 1Birth rate and death rate are very high, total population remains low- medicine and sanitation is quite primitive and a lack of education about birth control
- 10Stage 2Birth rate remains high but a rapid decrease in the death rate; advances in medicine and sanitation. The total population has a rapid increase as life expectancy increases.
- 11Stage 3Birth rate has a steep decline but remains higher than the death rate so the total population keeps increasing. Life expectancy lengthens as medicine improves and general health improves.
- 12Stage 4Birth rate fluctuates, going above and below the death rate, which stays low (fluctuations could be due to periods of infertility). The BR stays above the DR mostly, and the population has a steady rate of increase.
- 13Demographic variables- Primary variablesE.g crude birth and death rates, which operate to naturally change the population of an area.
- 14Demographic variables- Secondary variablesSocial
Economical
Political
Cultural
Religious - 15Stage 1 Key summary and case studiesHigh birth rate
High death rate
Low population
Some tribal groups - 16Stage 2 Key summary and case studiesHigh birth rate
Falling death rate
Gradually increasing population
e.g Sierra Leone
Congo
Small Pacific Islands - 17Stage 3- Key summary and case studiesLow death rate-stable
Falling birth rate
Increasing total population
e.g Brzail, India, China, Pakistan, Peru
(Emerging economies) - 18Stage 4 key summary and case studiesFluctuating birth rate
Low, stable death rate
Population is high but stabilizing
e.g UK
USA
Japan
France - 19LEDC/LICLess economically developed/ Lower income country
- 20MEDC/HICMore economically developed country/ Higher income country
- 21Factors for a high birth rate in an LEDC/LICChildren needed to work the land and earn more money.
To care for parents when they are old or ill.
So many die from disease due to lack of medical care.
Religion forbids birth control
Large families a cultural aspect and give status in communities.
Women's role in society as mothers. - 22Factors for a low birth rate in an MEDC/HICFamily planning and access to birth control.
Lower infant mortality rate in MEDC/HIC
Able to spend more on living and entertainment- higher paying jobs.
Feminism and career driven women
Longer life expectancy- sanitation and medical healthcare. - 23OverpopulationWhen the number of people outweigh the availability of resources
- 24Infant mortality ratethe number of children per 1000 born alive that die before the age of 1 year.
- 25Life expectancyAverage amount of years a person born in a country can expect to live.
- 26Somalia- overpopulation effectsDeforestation and overgrazing has lead to deserification and lack of minerals in the land.
Frequent droughts have led to famine, disease and malnutrition- lack of health care and education on sanitation
High BR + High DR
Extreme climate-people migrate elsewhere due to low GDP. - 27Mumbai- Overpopulation effectsWorkers and their families migrate from rural areas to Mumbai looking for work.
Inadequate supplies of fresh water, food and electricity due to overpopulation.
Shortage of housing, jobs and building materials as space runs out. - 28Population pyramidsThe total population divided into 5-year age groups. Each bar shows the percentage of people in these age groups. Split in half vertically to show male and female age groups.
- 29Population Pyramid Stage 1-2 characteristics.Wide base- high birth rate and increasing population.
Deep concave shape- high infant mortality and rising to a low life expectancy.
Small top of pyramid- High death rate and a low percentage of population is elderly. Shows which gender lives longer. - 30Population Pyramid Stage 3-4 CharacteristicsNarrow base-low and falling birth rate (due to brith control and family planning)
Rectangular middle- low infant mortality rate and a low death rate- also shows majority of population is middle aged.
Relatively large top of pyramid- Large life expectancy and shows a low death rate due to medicine and sanitation. - 31Dependency Ratio(No. of children under 15+ no. of people over 65) divided by (No. of people aged 16-64). Then times this by 100 to get a percentage.
- 32Case Study- The Gambia- Key StatisticsTotal population- 1.559 million (2008)
Pop'n density- 127 per sq km
% of pop'n <15= 44
% of pop'n <25= 63.55
% of pop'n >65= 3.36%
BR=38
DR=11
Infant mortality rate= 75
Life expectancy= 58
% contraceptive use married women=10%
% contraceptive use single women=0 - 33The Gambia- Youthful population causesHIV/AIDS- impact on life expectancy, ability of older generation to undertake jobs.
Contraception- lack of access due to religion or lack of education about family planning.
Low GNI- lack of personal finance (affects access to medical care)
Relates to Islamic Values- contraception is frowned upon. - 34Impacts of a youtful populationQuality of life( overcrowding)- houses, urban areas
Pressure on schools, medical facilities+land availability
Plentiful labour resource( but pressure on industrial sectors to absorb this workforce- exacerbated by enviro. limitations in developing agriculture) - 35The Gambia- Policies to combat youthful populationsFocus on family planning and availability of contraception (particularly in rural areas).
Health centres that try to educate couples on spacing births and the value of only one child.
Contraception is restricted to persons aged 21 or over.
Liaison with Islamic leaders. - 36Pro natalist policyPolicy that aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives. e.g in France
- 37France Ageing population- concernsConcerns over the decrease in labour supply in the workforce due to more elderly dependants and less people of working age.
Socio-economic implications of ageing population
Long term prospect of population decline and demise. - 38French Pro Natalist IncentivesPayments of up to £1064 to couples having a third child.
30% fare reduction for all 3 child families on all public transport.
Pension schemes for mothers and housewives
Child orientated development policies e.g day nurseries, nannies, creches. - 39France FactfilePop'n: 66,259,012
BR: 12.49 per 1000
DR: 9.06 per 1000
Maternal mortality rate:8 per 1000
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