Flashcards
Chapter 8 Language
Flashcards do conjunto (42)
- 1SymbolicSpoken sounds & words represent objects, actions, ideas
Can express the same idea in many ways - 2SemanticWords have meaning
- 3GenerativeLimited number of symbols can be combined in many different ways to generate messages
- 4StructuredRules govern the arrangement of words into phrases and sentences
- 5PhonemeSmallest unit of speech
Sound - 6MorphemeSmallest unit of meaning in a language
Root words, prefixes, suffixes - 7SemanticsMeaning of words and word combinations
- 8SyntaxSystem of rules for arranging words into sentences
- 9Language Development @ 3 monthsDistinguish phonemes in all languages
- 10Language Development @ 8 MonthsRecognize and store common word forms but don't yet understand meaning
- 11Language Development @ 12 MonthsRecognizing whole words
- 12Language Development @ End of 2nd YearCombine words to sentences
Telegraphic Speech - 13Language Development @ end of 3 YearsExpress complex ideas
- 14Receptive LanguageKids can comprehend more words spoken by others than they can produce themselves
- 15Fast MappingProcess by which children map a words onto an underlying concept
- 16OverextensionsChild incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects/ideas than it was meant for
- 17UnderextensionsChild incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects/actions than is meant
- 18Telegraphic SpeechConsists mainly of content words
Resembles telegrams - 19Over regularizingGeneralizing grammatical rules incorrectly to irregular cases where they don't apply
- 20AcculturationDegree to which a person is socially and psychologically integrated to a new culture
- 21Behaviorist (Skinner)Children acquire language through conditioning and imitation
- 22Nativist (Chomsky)Humans have innate capacity to learn the rules of language
- 23InteractionistNature and nurture are equally important for different reasons
- 24Cognitive TheoriesLanguage development is an important aspect of more general cognitive development
- 25Social Communication TheoriesEmphasizes functional value of interpersonal communication and social context in which language evolves
- 26Emergentist TheoriesArgue that neural circuits supporting language emerge gradually in response to language experiences
- 27Inducing Structure ProblemsPeople are required to discover relations amount numbers, words, symbols, etc
- 28Arrangement ProblemsPeople arrange the parts of a problem in a way that satisfies some rule
- 29Transformation ProblemsCarrying out a sequence of transformations in order to achieve a specific goal
- 30HeuristicsShort cues for making quick and effective decisions
- 31Functional FixednessTendency to perceive an item only in terms of most common use
- 32Mental SetExists when people persist in using problem solving techniques that have worked in the past
- 33Unnecessary ConstraintsMaking assumptions about the constraints that don't exist and prevent people from solving the problem
- 34Forming SubgoalsBreakdown a decision into intermediate steps
- 35Working BackwardsMaking the endpoint clear
- 36AnalogiesHelping to make connections between a problem and example that has a similar structure
- 37Field Independence PeopleRely on internal frames of reference
Try to restructure the physical environment instead of accepting it as it is - 38Field Dependence PeopleRely on external frames of reference
Accept the physical environment as it is, instead of trying to analyze and restructure - 39Decision MakingEvaluating alternatives and making choices among them
- 40Risky Decision MakingMaking choices under conditions of uncertainty
- 41Subjective UtilityWhat an outcome is personally worth to an individual
- 42Conjunction FallacyOccurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either happening on its own
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- Undergraduate Psyc 1001 FlashCards sobre Chapter 8 Language , criado por Andrea Smith em 18-04-2015.
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- Andrea Smith
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