Flashcards
Memory Models
Flashcards do conjunto (28)
- 1Atkinson & Shiffrin's Model?The Multi-Store Model
- 2Baddeley & Hitch's Model?The Working Memory Model
- 3What structures make up the Working Memory Model?- The Central Executive
- The Phonological Loop
- The Visuo-Spatial Scratchpad
- The Episodic Buffer - 4What Structures Make up the Multi-Store Model?- The Sensory Memory
- The Short-Term Memory
- The Long-Term Memory - 5What is the Duration of the STM in MSM? And who proposed this duration?18-30 Seconds
Peterson & Peterson (1959) - 6What is the Capacity of the STM in MSM? Who proposed this Capacity?7+-2 Items
Miller (1956) - 7What type of encoding is used in STM in MSM? Evidenced by whom?Acoustic Encoding
Conrad (1964) - 8What 2 stores are thought to be within the Sensory memory?The Echoic Store & Iconic Store
- 9Evidence of Iconic Store?Sperling (1960)
- 10Evidence of Echoic Store?Treisman (1964)
- 11What is the Echoic Store?Structure containing the Auditory info we take in.
- 12What is the Iconic Store?Structure containing the Visual info we take in.
- 13What did Milner's amnesiac patient 'KC' show? What did it support?Showed a patient who could no longer create LTM, but performed fine with STM tasks.
Supports the distinction of LTM from STM. - 14What did Bahrick et al (1975) show?That LTM is extremely long-lasting and fundamentally different from STM.
(Recalling of names and faces after 15 years = 90%, after 48 years = 80%) - 15Who is Henry Molaison (Patient 'HM')?Amnesiac patient who had severely damaged LTM, but could perform STM tasks fine.
Shows Distinction of STM & LTM - 16What did Glanzer + Cunitz (1966) show?The Primacy & Recency Effect
(2 Groups recalled shown words, group 1 counted backwards for 30 secs, group 2 recalled immediately. Group 1 only recalled 1st words, group 2 recalled first and last.) - 17What is the Central Executive Responsible for?- Directing attention
- Selecting what to pay attention to and what to inhibit
- Updating and checking working memory contents
- Planning sub-tasks to achieve a goal
- Coding representations for time & place of appearance - 18What is the Phonological Loop functions?- To process auditory information like speech
- To process verbal information presented in visual way - 19What must go through Sub-Vocal Articulation?Visual-Verbal Information
- 20What gets direct access to the phonological store?Auditory Verbal Information
- 21Function of the Visuo-Spatial Scratchpad?Temporary storage and processing of visual and spatial info
- 22Functions of the Episodic Buffer?- Intermediary between PL & VSS
- Creates complex structures of information from info from VSS & PL
- General Storage Area - 23What did Robbins et al do?- Strong VS Weak Chess Players
- 4 Groups, Tapping Group, Repeating "See-Saw" Group, RNG Group & Pressing Keys Group.
- RNG & Pressing Keys group performance fell.
- Using Same unit for 2 tasks decreases performance. - 24What did Larsen et al do?- STM recall of similar sounding words
- 25% worse recall when similar sounding
- Reflects processing behind PL - 25What did Gathercole & Baddeley do?- 2 Groups
- Had to follow moving spot of light, one group had to also describe the angles in the letter 'F'
- 'F' group performed worse
- Reflects performance decrease in using VSS for both tasks - 26What did Smith (1997) do?Showed through brain imaging that visual tasks activate areas mostly in the left hemisphere, while spatial tasks activate the right hemisphere
- 27What did Zlonga et al (1986) do?- Used amnesiac patient 'KF' to show distinction between PL & VSS
- KF struggled with auditorial info but was fine with visual & spatial infro. - 28What did Baddeley (1987) show?That prose is more easily recalled than unrelated words. Because LTM reduces info needed into chunks. Episodic Buffer needed to store this information.
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- FlashCards sobre Memory Models, criado por Xnanga em 23-04-2015.
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