Flashcards
Anthropology Final
Flashcards do conjunto (47)
- 1AAVE (African American Vernacular English)A form of English spoken by many African Americans, particularly among those of rural or urban- class backgrounds.
- 2Achieved/ Ascribed statusA social position that is substantially based on life experiences. / A social position based entirely on birth (kings, queens, princes, duchesses)
- 3AnimismThe notion that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits.
- 4Applied AnthropologyThe application of anthropology to the solution of human problems.
- 5AnthropologyThe comparative studies of of human societies and cultures.
- 6AssimulationA process through which immigrants were expected to abandon their distinctive cultures in favor of an American identity.
- 7Basic Human Needs ApproachProjects aimed at providing access to clean water, education, and health care for the poorest of the worlds people.
- 8Balanced ReciprocityThe giving and receiving of goods of a nearly equal value with a clear obligation of a return gift within a specified time limit.
- 9Bilateral DescentSystem of descent under which individuals are equally affiliated with their mother's side and their father's side.
- 10CasteAn endogamous, ranked, and permanent group based on ascribed status. (See "ascribed")
- 11Caste SystemSocial stratification based on birth or ascribed status in which social mobility between castes is not possible.
- 12ClanAn unilineal kinship group whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but who cannot trace this link through known representatives.
- 13ClassA category of people who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power, and prestige and who are ranked relative to other categories.
- 14Class SystemA form of social stratification in which the different strata form a continuum and social mobility is possible.
- 15Cognitive AnthropologyA theoretical approach that defines culture in terms of the rules and meaning underlying human behavior, rather than behavior itself.
- 16Collaborative AnthropologyEthnography that gives priority to informants on the topic, methodology, and written results of research.
- 17Collateral KinKin descended from a common ancestor but not in a direct ascendent or descendent line, such as siblings and cousins.
- 18Comparitive LinguisticsThe science of documenting the relationships between languages and grouping them into language families.
- 19Composite (compound) FamilyAn aggregate of nuclear families linked by a common spouse.
- 20Consanguineal KinRelationship by blood.
- 21Conflict TheoryA perspective on social stratification that focuses on economic inequality as a source of conflict change.
- 22Cultural AnthropologyThe comparative study of human societies and cultures. Cultural anthropologists examine thought, meaning, and behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted, and that is typical of groups of people.
- 23Cultural RelativisimThe notion that cultures should be analyzed with reference to their own histories and values, in terms of the cultural whole, rather than according to the values of one another.
- 24Cultural Resource Management (CRM)The protection and management of archaeological, archival, and architectural resources.
- 25Culture ShockFeelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture.
- 26DescentThe culturally established affiliation between parent and child.
- 27DialectThe grammatical constructions that deviate from those used b the socially dominant group in a society.
- 28Ebonicsa form of English spoken by many African Americans, particularly those among rural or urban - working class backgrounds.
- 29Emica study that attempts to capture what ideas and practices mean to members of culture.
- 30EnculturationThe process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group.
- 31EnthocentrismJudging other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture; the notion that ones own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer to perfection than others.
- 32EthnographyThe description of a society or culture. Ethnography refers to both the process of qualitative, fieldwork based research and the written results of that research.
- 33Etica study that describes and analyzes culture according to principles and theories drawn from the Western specific traditions.
- 34HegemonyThe dominance of a political elite based on a close identification of their own goals and those of the larger society.
- 35Holistic / HolismIn anthropology, an approach that considers culture, history, language, and biology essential to complete understanding of human society.
- 36HorticultureProduction of plants using simple, non mechanized technology; fields are not used continuously.
- 37Human VariationThe mapping and explaining of physical differences among modern human groups.
- 38KindredA unique kin network made up of all the people related to a specific individuals a bilateral kinship system.
- 39Kinshipa culturally defined relationship established on the basis of blood ties or through marriage.
- 40LexiconThe total stock of words in a language.
- 41LineageA group of kin whose members trace descent from a known common ancestor.
- 42Modernization Theorya model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.
- 43Patrilinealagea lineage formed by descent of the male line.
- 44SemioticsThe study of the role of signs and symbols in communication and meaning.
- 45SororateThe custom in which when a males wife dies, her sister is given to him as a wife.
- 46Stratified SocietyA society characterized by formal, permanent social and economic inequality.
- 47TransculturationThe transformation of adopted cultural traits, resulting in new cultural forms.
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- FlashCards sobre Anthropology Final, criado por Jorden Booth2181 em 07-05-2015.
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- Jorden Booth2181
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