Flashcards

BM1051

Hannah McCullagh Inglês 200 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (200)

1The chorda tympani is a branch of CN VII. What type of innervation does it supply the anterior 2/3 of the tongue with?Taste only
2Which cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland?Glosopharyngeal
3Name the cranial nerve that innervates all (4) of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.Hypoglossal
4What is the function of the styloglossus muscle in the tongue?Retracts and draws the tongue upwards to create a trough for swallowing
5Name the TWO bones that can be affected by a cleft palate or lip.Palatine and Maxilla
6Which of the soft palate muscles is innervated by the maxillary division of trigeminal (CN V2)?Tensor Veli Palatini
7Name the origin of the hyoglossus.Hyoid bone
8Which TWO cranial nerves makes the pharyngeal plexuses?Vagus and Accessory (CN X & CN XI)
9Which structure opens into the inferior meatus?Nasolacrimal duct
10How many muscles of the palate are there?5
11What is the function of the head and neck?Houses the brain (thoughts and control centre), special senses (environment), mastication (nutrition), facial muscles (express ourselves) and speech (express ourselves/communicate)
12How many bones are in the skull?16
13What makes up the Axial Skeleton?Skull, Thorax and Vertebral Column (80 bones)
14What is the function of the Axial Skeleton?Supports the head, neck and trunk, protects the organs in the thorax
15What are the two parts the skull can be divided into?Cranium and Mandible
16What are the bones of the thorax?Ribs and Sternum
17How many types of vertebrae is the vertebral column divided into?5
18—Axial Skeleton
19—Appendicular Skeleton
20What makes up the Appendicular Skeleton?Limb bones (upper limb and lower limb) and the limb girdles (pectoral - shoulder and pelvic - hip)
21How do the girdles assist the limbs?They keep the limb bones away from the midline of the body
22How many types of articulations/joints are there?6
23What are the 6 types of articulations/joints?Ball and socket, Pivot, Hinge, Plane (Gliding), Condylar (Ellipsoid) and Saddle
24What is a synovial joint?A joint with a cavity. It is a major moveable joint as it has a cavity and no direct connectivity (need supporting and accessory structures). It also lubricates cartilage. Examples: shoulder, knee, wrist
25Define congruency.Fit together well
26Can muscles push?No. Muscles can only pull (contraction)
27What attaches muscles to bone?Tendons
28How are muscles named?Origin (proximal - more stable) Insertion (distal - more moveable) e.g. Thyrohyoid
29How many cranial nerves are there?12
30Name the cranial nerves.Olfactory (CN I), Optic (CN II), Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), Trigeminal (CN V), Abducens (CN VI), Facial (CN VII), Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (CN X), Accessory (CN XI) and Hypoglossal (CN XII)
31What is CN I and what does it do?Olfactory = sensory (smell)
32What is CN II and what does it do?Optic = sensory (vision)
33What is CN III and what does it do?Oculomotor = motor (eye movement and pupil constriction)
34What is CN IV and what does it do?Trochlear = motor (eye movement)
35What is CN V and what does it do?Trigeminal = Both (motor and sensory - somatosensory information (pain, touch) from the face and head; muscles of mastication)
36What is CN VI and what does it do?Abducens = motor (eye movement)
37What is CN VII and what does it do?Facial = both (motor and sensory - taste for anterior 2/3 of the tongue, somatosensory information from the ear and controls muscles used in facial expression)
38What is CN VIII and what does it do?Vestibulocochlear = sensory (hearing and balance)
39What is CN IX and what does it do?Glossopharyngeal = both (motor and sensory - taste for posterior 1/3 of the tongue, somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx, controls muscles used in swallowing)
40What is CN X and what does it do?Vagus = both (sensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera - glands, digestion, heart rate)
41What is CN XI and what does it do?Accessory = motor (controls muscles used in head movement)
42What is CN XII and what does it do?Hypoglossal = motor (controls muscles of the tongue)
43How many muscles of the face are there?7 Superficial and 4 deep
44—Occipitofrontalis
(raises eyebrows as in a surprised expression)
45—Procerus
(draws inner of eyebrows down as in an angry expression)
46—Orbicularis Oculi
(Orbital - outer, forcefully closes eye and Palpebral - inner, gently closes eye)
47—Zygomatic Minor
(raises corner of the mouth and moves it laterally. Bilaterally - smiley muscles, Unilaterally - distain)
48—Zygomatic Major
(raises the corner of mouth and moves it laterally. Bilaterally - smiley muscles, Unilaterally - distain)
49—Risorius
(pulls mouth laterally and upward - grin)
50—Platysma
(stretches skin on neck)
51—Nasalis
(flares nostrils)
52—Buccinator
(muscle of the cheek, attaches to maxillae and mandible and blends with the orbicularis oris muscle - draws corners of the mouth laterally, and compresses the cheek to hold in food)
53—Orbicularis Oris
(encloses oral cavity opening, acts to close lips, purse or protrude the lips for kissing and whistling)
54—Mentalis
(helps position the lips while drinking and pout)
55Are the movements of the muscles of the face the same for every person?No, they differ as some people have very expressive faces and others do not. The origins and insertions can also vary.
56What is the function of muscles of the face?Aid in articulation of speech (especially those around the mouth area) but also important for communication skills as we use facial expression to convey emotions
57How many groups of facial muscles are there?4
58What are the groups of facial muscles?Orbital - eyes
Nasal - nose
Oral - mouth
Other
59How is the Occipitofrontalis constructed?2 bellies: frontal and occipital held together by aponeurosis (sheet of connective tissue) so both move together but frontal belly has most movement raising the eyebrows
60What is the function of the muscles surrounding the mouth?Production of speech, assisting in mastication and moving the upper and lower lips to form facial expressions
61—Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
(elevates the corner of the mouth and may help deepen furrow between nose and the corner of the mouth - sadness. Means in Latin: the lifter of both the upper lip and wing of the nose)
62—Levator Labii Superioris
(elevates the corner of the mouth and may help deepen furrow between nose and the corner of the mouth - sadness - part of upper group of muscles)
63—Levator Anguli Oris
(elevates the corner of the mouth and may help deepen furrow between nose and the corner of the mouth - sadness - part of the upper group of mouth muscles)
64—Depressor Labii Inferioris
(depresses the corner of the mouth - frowning - part of the lower group of mouth muscles)
65—Depressor Anguli Oris
(depresses the corner of the mouth - frowning - part of the lower group of mouth muscles)
66Which muscles make up the upper group of mouth muscles?Zygomatic Major and Minor, Risorius, Levator Anguli Oris, Levator Labii Superioris, Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
67Which muscles make up the lower group of mouth muscles?Mentalis, Depressor Anguli Oris and Depressor Labii Inferioris
68What is the function of these muscles?Depressor muscles:
Depressor Anguli Oris, Depressor Labii Inferioris
(Depresses the corner of the mouth - frowning)
69What is the function of these muscles?Levator Muscles: Levator Anguli Oris, Levator Labii Superioris/Alaeque Nasi (sadness -elevates corner of mouth/deepen furrow)
70How many terminal branches (motor branches that supply muscles) of the facial nerve (CN VII) are there?5
71How many muscles of mastication are there?4
72Name the muscles of mastication.Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
73Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?All supplied by the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
74What is the temporo-mandibular joint?Modified hinge joint; mandibular fossa of temporal bone that articulates with the head of the mandible; has superior cavity (allows gliding) and inferior cavity (allows elevation and depression); articular disc divides the joint; muscles of mastication and suprahyoids create movement of the TMJ
75What are the movements of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ)?
76What muscles are involved with protrusion and the TMJ?Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid
77What muscles assist in retraction and the TMJ?Posterior fibres of Temporalis, Deep part of Masseter and Geniohyoid and Diagastric
78Which muscles are involved in elevation and the TMJ?Temporalis, Masseter and Medial Pterygoid
79Which muscles are involved in depression and the TMJ?Gravity, Digastric, Geniohyoid and Mylohyoid (mouth opening - primarily passive movement - inaction of muscles with gravity
80—Temporalis:
Origin - temporal fossa
Insertion - coronoid process of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Action - elevates and retracts mandible
81Give details of this muscle.Masseter:
Origin - zygomatic bone and arch
Insertion - angle and ramus of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Action - elevates and protrudes mandible
82—Medial Pterygoid:
Origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, maxilla and palatine bone
Insertion - medial surface of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Action - elevates mandible, protrudes side of jaw, acting alternately produces grinding
83—Lateral Pterygoid:
Origin - greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion - condyle of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Action - protrudes mandible, acting alternately produces grinding motion
84Which is the main artery/arteries that supplies the face?Facial Artery and Transverse Facial Artery
85Which is the main vein that drains the face?Facial Vein
86Where are the infrahyoid muscles located?Below the hyoid bone
87How many infrahyoid muscles are there?4
88Name the infrahyoid muscles.Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
89What is the function of the infrahyoids?Depress the hyoid bone
Stabilise the hyoid bone
90—Sternohyoid:
Origin - manubrium of sternum/clavicle
Insertion - hyoid body (inferior part)
Innervation - Ansa Cervicalis (C1 - C3)
Action - Depresses the hyoid
91What is the ansa cervicalis?A loop in the cervical plexus consisting of fibers from the first three cervical nerves (C1-C3) [cervical nerves are different from cranial]
92—Omohyoid (2 bellies):
Origins - Superior = intermediate tendon; Inferior = scapula
Insertion - Superior = hyoid;
Inferior = intermediate tendon
Innervation - Ansa Cervicalis (C1 - C3)
Action - depress or stabilise the hyoid bone
93—Thyrohyoid:
Origin - thyroid cartilage of larynx
Insertion - hyoid greater cornu
Innervation - C1 via Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Action - Depresses hyoid or elevates the thyroid as both regions are quite mobile
94—Sternothyroid:
Origin - sternum (manubrium)
Insertion - thyroid cartilage
Innervation - Ansa Cervicalis (C1 and C2)
Action - depresses thyroid cartilage as sternum is a very stable part of the skeleton
95What does the Carotid system begin with?The common carotid arteries (Right and Left)
96Where does the Right Common Carotid Artery originate?In the Brachiocephalic Trunk
97Where does the Left Carotid Artery orIn the Aorta
98Where do the Common Carotid Arteries travel?The arteries are ascending through the neck, lateral to the trachea and oesophagus, they travel within a fascia compartment known as a carotid sheath. They then split into branches (internal and external carotid arteries) at the superior boarder of the thyroid at which time the common carotid and internal carotid artery are dilated
99Where does the Internal Carotid Arteries travel?Ascends towards the base of the skull but does not branch into the neck. Instead, enters the base of the skull and supplies cerebral hemispheres, eyes, contents of the orbit and forehead
100Where does the External Carotid Arteries travel?Begins branching just after bifurcation from the common carotid artery
101Define Bifurcation.The division of something into two branches or parts (V)
or
either of two branches of which something divides (N)
102What does the Carotid Sinus do?Monitors blood pressure via receptors
103Where does the Internal Jugular Vein travel?Travels within the carotid sheath (initially posterior then moving laterally to the carotid artery). Then joins with the subclavian vein and forms the left and right brachiocephalic veins
104Where does the Internal Jugular Vein collect blood from?Skull, brain, superficial face and parts of the neck
105Where does the external and anterior jugular veins travel?They descend down the neck and pass over the sternocleidomastoid and travel into the anterior neck triangle (it is one of the most superficial structures in the neck). Then joins the subclavian vein and forms the left and right brachiocephalic veins
106What are the main venous channels for superficial drainage?External and Anterior Jugular Veins
107What does the anterior jugular vein usually drain?The anterior aspect of the neck
108—Scalene Muscles:
3 Anterolateral neck muscles
Anterior, Middle, Posterior
Elevate the first and second ribs during forced inhalation and work with Sternocleidomastoid to flex and rotate the neck
109How many groups of superficial lymph nodes are there?5
110Name the groups of superficial lymph nodes.Occipital
Mastoid
Paratoid
Submandibular
Submental
111—Paratoid Node
112—Submental Nodes
113—Submandibular Nodes
114—Occipital Nodes
115—Mastoid Nodes
116Where are the nodes?Nodes form chain along the internal jugular vein. The lymph then travels into right and left jugular tract and into either the right lymphatic duct or left thoracic duct. Is also superficial cervical nodes travel along the external jugular vein and receive lymph from posterior and posterolateral regions via mastoid and occipital lymph nodes
117What receives all lymphatic drainage from the head and neck?The deep cervical nodes
118What is the main blood supply to the head and neck?The common, external and internal carotid arteries
119What is the main venous drainage from the head and neck?The external and internal jugular vein
120What are the 2 major neck regions?Anterior and Posterior
121What are the 2 anterior muscle groups?Suprahyoids and infrahyoids
122What is the Hyoid Bone?The union between the larynx (responsible for phonation) and the tongue (responsible for articulation); provides an attachment site for muscles of the larynx, pharynx and tongue
123What are the boundaries of the anterior neck triangle?Anterior median line of neck, Inferior border of mandible and anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
124—Sternocleidomastoid:
Origin - Manubrium and Clavicle
Insertion - Mastoid Process
Innervation - Accessory Nerve (CN XI) - C2-C4
Action - Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation of head to opposite side; Bilaterally = flexes neck
125Where are the suprahyoids located, what do they attach to and what is their function?Located superior to the hyoid bone
Attach to mandible or temporal bones
Elevates the hyoid bone or depresses the mandible
126What are the parts of the hyoid bone?Body (corpus), Greater Cornu (horns), Lesser Cornu (horns)
127What does the hyoid bone attach to?Inferiorly to larynx (superior cornu of thyroid cartilage via lateral thyroid ligaments that attach to the greater horns)
Superiorly to floor of oral cavity (attaches to styloid process of temporal bone via the stylohyoid ligaments which attach to the lesser horns)
Posteriorly to pharynx
128—Digastric (2 bellies):
Origins - Anterior = mandible; Posterior = mastoid process
Insertion - hyoid via intermediate tendon
Innervation - Anterior = Mandibular (CN V3); Posterior = Facial (CN VII)
Action-Anterior=moves hyoid up & forward; Posterior=moves hyoid up & backward
129—Stylohyoid:
Origin - Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion - Hyoid body
Innervation - Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
Action - elevates and retracts the hyoid
130—Mylohyoid:
Origin - mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion - hyoid body
Innervation - Trigeminal (CN V3)
Action - elevates hyoid or depresses mandible; Other - forms floor of the mouth between mandible and hyoid bone
131—Geniohyoid:
Origin - mental spines of mandible
Insertion - hyoid body
Innervation- C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Action - elevates hyoid or depresses mandible
Other - lies superior to mylohyoid
132—Genioglossus:
Origin - mental spine of the mandible
Insertion - dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid bone
Innervation - Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Action - Depresses and protrudes tongue
Other - bulky, fan-shaped muscle that forms bulk of tongue
133—Hyoglossus:
Origin - body and greater horn of hyoid bone
Insertion - lateral part of tongue
Innervation - Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Action - depresses and protrudes tongue
134Which foramina does the facial nerve (CN VII) use?Internal acoustic meatus and Stylomastoid foramen
135Which foramina does the Ophthalmic branch of Trigeminal use?Superior Orbital Fissure
136Which foramina does the maxillary branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2) use?Foramen Rotundrum
137Which foramina does the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3) use?Foramen Ovale
138Which foramina does the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) use?Hypoglossal Canal
139—Submandibular Triangle
140—Submental Triangle
141—Muscular Triangle
142—Carotid Triangle
143Define Communication Roots.Roots that communicate to each other (connect one place to another)
144What is the Pharyngo-tympanic Tube and what is its function?Eustachian tube; connection between the nasopharynx and middle ear; composed in part by bone and cartilage with some soft palate muscles attached to the opening; tube normally closed
Equalises air pressure (only way for air to be taken into the middle ear - aeration)
145How many muscles open the pharyngo-tympanic tube and what are their names and other functions?2:
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensa Veli Palatini
(attach onto tube and open it up; also elevate palate)
146What is the function of the nose?Respiration
Olfaction
Filtration of dust
Humidification and warming
Receives of secretions from paranasal and nasolacrimal duct
147How can the nose be divided?Olfactory area = superior third
Respiratory area = the rest
Divided by nasal septum
148What two bones form the nasal septum along with septal cartilage?Vomer Bone and the Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
149How many parts make up the medial wall of the nasal cavity and what are they?3:
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Septal cartilage
150What are paranasal sinuses, how manya re there and what are their names?Air filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity
4:
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
151Where is the Frontal Sinus located?Lies superior to the orbit
152Where is the Ethmoid Sinus located?Lies medial to the orbit
153Where is the Sphenoid Sinus located?posterior to the orbit
154Where is the Maxillary Sinus located?laterally and inferior to the orbit
155What is the function of paranasal sinuses?Thought to reduce the weight of the skull; As air enters them they assist in warming and moisturising the air (humidifying);
156Where do the paranasal sinuses drain?All drain inferiorly apart from the maxillary sinus that drains superiorly (has to be filled before it can drain effectively)
157What does the upper airways/conducting zone consist of and what is their function?Nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx and trachea
Function is to filter particulate matter from air and to warm and moisten the air that enters the body
158What does the lower airways/respiratory zone consist of and what is their function?Bronchioles, alveolar duct and alveoli
Site of gas exchange
159What are all the glands except the parotid innervated by?Facial Nerve (CN VII)
160What structures drain into the Superior meatus?Posterior ethmoidal cells - drains onto the lateral wall of the superior nasal meatus
161What structures drain into the Middle meatus?Anterior ethmoidal cells - drains into the ethmoidal infundibulum of the middle meatus
Middle ethmoidal cells - drains into the ethmoidal bulla of the middle meatus
Maxillary sinus - drains into the middle meatus in the floor of the hiatus the semilunaris
162What structures drain into the Inferior meatus?Nasolacrimal duct - drains into the inferior meatus
Sphenoidal sinus - drains into spheno-ethomidal recess (located posterior and superior to the superior concha)
163—Opening of ethmoid cells onto bulla ethmoidalis
164—Opening of posterior ethmoidal cells into lateral wall of superior meatus
165—Opening of sphenoidal sinus into spheno-ethmoidal recess
166—Opening of Maxillary sinus
167—Opening of Nasolacrimal duct
168—Opening of frontalnasal duct that drains the frontal sinus and anterior ethmoid cells
169What supplies the superior 1/3 of the Nasal Cavities?Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
170What supplies the inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities?Trigeminal Nerve (CN V1 and CN V2)
171What lines the whole nasal cavity?Nasal mucosa which covers everything including the paranasal sinuses
172Which artery supplies the mucosa to the Nasal Cavities?Sphenopalatine artery, a branch of the Maxillary Artery
173What are the functions of the oral cavity?Ingestion of food
Chewing of food
Mixing of food with saliva
Digestion starts
Swallowing is initiated
Used in respiration
174What are the three regions of the oral cavity?Anterior oral fissure (the opening to the outside of the body)
A vestibule which sits between the lips and teeth
An oral cavity proper which sits between the maxillae and the mandible
175What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?Superior - hard and soft palate
Anteriorly - lips
Laterally - cheek (buccinator)
Posterior - oropharynx
Inferior - Epiglottis
Floor - Mylohyoid
176What makes up the roof of the oral cavity?Hard Palate (maxillae and palatine bones) and Soft Palate (muscles of the soft palate or velum)
177What makes up the lateral wall of the oral cavity?Lips - orbicularis oris, Cheeks - buccinator, Palatoglossal arches
178What makes up the floor of the oral cavity?Mylohyoid and Geniohyoid
179How many arteries supply the oral cavity and what are their names?3 (all branches of the External Carotid Artery):
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Facial artery
Lingual artery
180What movements are involved in the closure of the oropharyngeal isthmus?Medial and downward movement of palatoglossus arches and palatopharyngeal arches, upward movement of tongue and downward and forward movement of soft palate
181How many muscles does the soft palate have and what are their names?5:
Tensor Veli Palatini
Levator Veli Palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus Uvulae
182—Tensor Veli Palatini:
Origin - medial pterygoid plates and cartilage of auditor tube (eustation)
Insertion - palatine aponeurosis
Nerve - mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Action - tenses the soft palate and opens auditory tube during swallowing and yawning
183—Levator Veli Palatini:
Origin - petrous part of temporal bone and cartilage of auditory tube
Insertion - palatine aponeurosis
Nerve - pharyngeal plexus (CN X and CN XI)
Action - elevates the soft palate and opens auditory tube during swallowing and yawning
184—Palatoglossus:
Origin - palatine aponeurosis
Insertion - side of tongue
Nerve - pharyngeal plexus (CN X and CN XI)
Action - elevates posterior part of tongue and/or depresses soft palate onto tongue
185—Palatopharyngeus:
Origin-hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
Insertion - lateral wall of pharynx
Nerve - Pharyngeal Plexus (CN X and CN XI)
Action - tenses soft palate and pulls pharynx superiorly, anteriorly and medially during swallowing
186—Muscularis Uvulae:
Origin - posterior nasal spine and palatine aponeurosis
Insertion - mucosa of uvula
Nerve - pharyngeal plexus (CN X and CN XI)
Action - shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly
187—Maxillary Artery:
Fourth anterior branch of the external carotid artery (where the external carotid artery splits into two final branches - one being maxillary) ; arises behind the neck and the mandible and is embedded in the parotid gland
188—Facial Artery:
Third anterior branch of the external carotid artery
189—Ascending Pharyngeal Artery:
Second and smallest branch of the external carotid artery; ascends between the internal carotid artery and pharynx
190How many dental arches are there, what are they named and where are they located?2:
Inferior Alveolar Arch located on the mandible
Superior Alveolar Arch located on the maxillae
Therefore, there is maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth
191How many of each type of tooth is on each half of the dental arch?1 Central incisor (2 total), 1 lateral incisor (2 total), 1 cuspid or canine (2 total), 2 bicuspids or premolars (4 total) and 3 molars (6 total)
Therefore, 16 total on each arch
192How many adult teeth are there in total?32
193What are the functions of the tongue?Mastication, Taste, Deglutition, Articulation, Oral cleansing and pushing food toward the pharynx
194What is the tongue covered with?Mucous Membranes
195What are the three main parts to the tongue?Body, Root and Apex
196How many types of muscles of the tongue are there and what are their names?2:
Intrinsic muscles - responsible for precise articulatory movements of the tongue
Extrinsic muscles - move the tongue as a whole unit
197How many intrinsic muscles of the tongue are there, where do they originate and what are their names?4:
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
(originate within the tongue itself)
198How many extrinsic muscles of the tongue are there, where do they originate and hwat are their names?4:
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
(originate from outside of the tongue)
199Intrinsic muscles of the tongueOriginate and insert within the tongue itself; All paired; All innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN VII); involved in precision movements of tongue; can alter the tongue's shape by lengthening and shortening, curling and uncurling its apex and edges and/or flattening and rounding its surface
200—Superior Longitudinal:
Inferior muscle
Innervated by the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Action - elevates and assists in retracting the tongue, also move tongue to the left or right