Flashcards
Digestive System
Flashcards do conjunto (78)
- 1Two parts of digestive system1. Digestive tract
2. Associated glands - 2Digestive tract is made up of...oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anus
- 3Associates glands are made up of....salivary glands, liver and pancreas
- 4Function of digestive tractTo obtain from ingested food the molecules necessary for the maintenance, growth, and energy needs of the body
- 5Four anatomical regions of the stomach1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus - 6CardiaThe entrance of esophagus; mucus secreting glands
- 7fundus:Gastric Juice (HCI and pepsin) secreting glands (simple tubular) , and mucous cells
- 8Body (stomach)Gastric juice (HCI and pepsin) secreting glands (simple tubular), and mucous cells
- 9PylorusMucus secreting glands
- 10Surfaces mucous cellscover the luminal surface of the stomach and line the gastric pits, which occupy the upper 1/4 of the mucosa; stained poorly by H&E
- 11Neck Mucous cellsfound in the neck and base of gastric glands, lightly stained
- 12Parietal Cells* Distributed throughout the glands, but more numerous in the isthmus of the glands
*Large round cells with eosinephilia cytoplasm and a centrally located nucleus
* Secret gastric & HCL and intrinsic factor - 13Chief (peptic) cell* Located towards the bases the glands
* Contain Gasophilie cytoplasm and basally located nuclei
* Secrete pepsiongeny, which will be converted in the acid environment into pepsins, gastric lipase - 14Enteroendocrine cellsin the base of the glands; secrete serotonin into the blood
- 15stem cellsin the neck of the gastric glands
- 16Pyloric Stomach* Gastric pits occupy 1/2 of the thickness of the pyloric mucosa
* Mucous cells: Prominent
* Enteroendocrine cells:
* Stem cells
* Muscularius mucosae - 17Pyloric Stomach: Enteroendocrine cells-In the base of the glands; secret gastrin (hormone) promotes secretion of pepsinogen and acid
- 18Pyloric Stomach: Stem CellsIn the neck of the gastric glands - Small number
- 19Pyloric Stomach: Muscularius mucosaeProminent
- 20Pyloric Stomach: Mucous CellsProminent
- 21Small Intestine* The principle site for absorbtion
* Include Duodenum, jejunum and ileum
* mucosa & Submucosa forms circularly arranged folds called plicae circulares
* The mucosa forms finger-like projection villi, while the mucosa between the bases of the villi forms crypts
* Microvilli are present at the luminal surface of the enterocytes - 22Microvilli are present at the luminal surface of the....enterocytes
- 23The _____ forms finger-like projection villi, while the mucosa between the bases of the villi forms cryptsmucosa
- 24______ & ______ forms circularly arranged folds called plicae circularesmucosa & Submucosa
- 25small intestinethe principle site for absorption
- 26Cells lining villi and crypts* Enterocytes
*Goblet Cells
* Stem Cells
* Paneath cells
*Neuroendocrine cells - 27Cells lining villi and crypts * Enterocytes1. the most numerous cell type
2. Tall columnar cells with brush bonder
3. The main absorptive cells - 28Goblet Cells (cells lining villi and crypts)* Produce Mucin for lubrication and protection
- 29Paneath cells* At the base of the crypts
* Contain prominent eosinophillic apical granules (* Pink (darker))
*Defense function - 30Cells lining villi and crypts * Neuroendocrine cellsVery few
- 31Duodenum* Brunner's glands in the submucosa
* Mucus & Alkaline secreting glands - 32Jejunum and ileum* Goblet cells increase in number (in villi)
* Peyer's patches in the lamina propria become more prominent distally - 33Large Intestine - FunctionRecover water and salt from the feces and propel the feces to the rectum
- 34Large Intestine: Anatomical components* Cecum (with the appendix)
* Ascending, transverse and descending, sigmoid colon
* rectum - 35Large Intestine: Histology of the wall* The mucosa forms crypts
* The longitudinal layer of muscularis forms three separate longitudinal bands called the teniae Coli - 36Medical Applications: Herniationor out pocketing of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon can occur between the teniae coli
- 37Medical Applications: Colorectal cancerusually occurs in the rectum, sigmoid colon, or distal descending colon. It is more common in individuals with low-fiber diets.
- 38Crypts* Colonocytes (instead of enterocytes)
* Goblet Cells
* Stem Cells
* Neuroendocrine cells - 39Crypts: Colonocytes* The most numerous cell type
* tall columnar cells with microvilli
* The main absorptive cells - 40Crypts: Goblet Cells(more than that in the small intestine)
* Produce mucin for lubrication and protection - 41Crypts: Neuroendocrine cellsVery few
- 42Appendix* A small blind-ended tubular sac
* Presence of masses of lymphoid aggregations in the laminar propria and submucosal layers - 43Recto-Anal junction* Mucosa
-Epithelium
changes from the simple columnar epithelium to the squamous stratified epithelium - 44Mucosa in Recto-Anal JuctionEpithelium changes from simple columnar epithelium to the squamous stratified epithelium
- 45—
- 46Esophagus1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Adventitia - 47Esophagus: Mucosa(folded)
- Epithelium: Stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina propria: Thin
- Muscularis Mucosae: Thin - 48Esophagus: SubmucosaLoose Connective tissue with elastic fibers' seromucous glands (esophageal glands)
- 49Esophagus: Musculariis- Two layers of muscles: the inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
- The upper third is skeletal muscle and the lower two thirds are smooth muscle - 50Esophagus: Adventitia(or serosa at the lower end)
- 51—Esophagus
- 52—Gastro-esophageal junction
- 53Gastro-esophageal junction1.Mucosa (folded)
–Epithelium:
stratified sqamous
epithelium transition
to simple columnar
epithelium - 54—
- 55—
- 56—Wall of the stomach (body/fundus)
- 57—Gastric Pits
- 58—
- 59—Pyloric stomach
- 60—Gastric pits
and glands
in the
stomach
- 61—The pyloric sphincter
- 62—
- 63—
- 64—Lipid absorption
and processing by
enterocytes
- 65—
- 66—Intestinal Villi
- 67—Crypts (of Lieberkuhn)
- 68—Duodenum
- 69—Jejunum and ileum
- 70—
- 71—appendix
- 72—Recto-Anal Junction
- 73—
- 74—Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
- 75—Large Intestine
- 76—
- 77—Crypts (of Lieberkuhn)
- 78—
Informações
- Descrição
- College Histology FlashCards sobre Digestive System, criado por Christy Singleton em 15-11-2020.
- Criado por
- Christy Singleton
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