Flashcards
Physics Block 5 Atomic Physics
Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1what is half-life?The half – life of a radioactive sample is the average time taken for half the original mass of the sample to decay. It is different for different radioactive isotopes.
- 2what is the charge of an alpha particle?+2
- 3what is the charge of a beta particle?-1
- 4what is the charge of a gamma particle?0
- 5which radioactive emission has the highest penetrating ability and why?gamma emission is the most penetrating.
Because it takes several centimetres of a dense metal like lead to absorb most of the gamma radiation. - 6which radioactive emission has the lowest penetrating ability and why?alpha particles are easily absorbed by a thin sheet of paper.
- 7which radioactive emission has the lowest ionising ability?gamma rays
- 8which radioactive emission has the highest ionising ability?alpha particles
- 9state the type of energy released by the three types of emissions.alpha and beta particles release kinetic energy.
gamma rays release electromagnetic radiation. - 10what is an isotope?isotope of an element has the same number of protons but different mass numbers.
- 11what is the mass number of an element?mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
- 12how do you find the number of neutrons of an element?number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons
- 13what is an alpha particle?a particle of 2 protons and a mass number of 4 (no electrons present)
- 14what is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?positive
- 15what is the charge of the proton of an atom?positive
- 16what is the charge of the electron of an atom?negative
- 17what is the nature of gamma rays?electromagnetic radiation
- 18what is the nature of an alpha particle?a helium-4 nucleus
- 19what is the nature of a beta particle?an electron
- 20what is the atomic mass of an alpha particle?4 atomic mass units
- 21what is the atomic mass of a beta particle?1/2000 atomic mass units
- 22what is the atomic mass of gamma rays?0 atomic mass units
- 23State the names of three types of radioactive emission.alpha particles
beta particles
gamma rays - 24what is ionisation?ionisation is when a particle (atom) becomes electrically charged by losing or gaining electrons.
- 25which type of radiation can pass through paper?beta particles and gamma rays
- 26State a suitable material that will absorb all types of naturally occurring nuclear radiation.lead
- 27state how a person can reduce the amount of ionising radiation they absorb when they handle samples of radioactive substances.1. minimize the time for handling
2. maximize distance from source
3. use of shielding
4. prevent contamination - 28State what happens to a nucleus of carbon-14 when it emits a β-particle.carbon-14 changes to a different element
the new element has one more proton than carbon-14 - 29State sources of background radiation.cosmic rays
food and drink
ground and buildings
radon in the atmosphere - 30State an example of the damage that may be caused by radiation (X-rays).alters DNA
kills cells
causes cell mutations (cancer) - 31State and explain how radiographers can be protected from damage caused by X-rays.they stand behind a screen and they wear a lead apron
because a screen/apron absorbs X-rays - 32What is meant by radioactive decay?radioactive decay is the decay of a radioactive substance when its atomic nuclei emit radiation.
- 33what is radiation?radiation is energy emitted from a radioactive source carried by particles or waves.
- 34People handling radioactive substances need to take certain safety precautions. (i) Explain why safety precautions are necessary.radioactive emissions can damage cells and can cause radiation sickness.
- 35State safety precautions used by people handling radioactive substances.use gloves
maintain a safe distance
minimise exposure time
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- Physics FlashCards sobre Physics Block 5 Atomic Physics, criado por Paula Sacheus em 08-09-2021.
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- Paula Sacheus
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