Flashcards
Genetics and aggression: MAOA, twin studies and epigenetics
Flashcards do conjunto (12)
- 1What is the definition of genetic inheritance?genetic information being passed down through generations
- 2What are the two types of twins?monozygotic: identical (one egg split)
dizygotic: non-identical (two eggs fertilised) - 3what is a concordance rate?the likelihood of disorders/behaviours occuring due to genetic similarities i.e twin samples; whether one twin shows evidence of the same disorder or behaviour that the other twin has
- 4What are epigenetics?an interplay where genes are 'switched on' or 'switched off' due to environmental factors; a diathesis stress model
- 5What is the diathesis-stress model?the idea that a disposition for behaviours can be triggered by stressors in the environment that 'switch on' or 'switch off' particular genes
- 6What does MAOA stand for?Monoamine oxidase A
- 7What does the MAOA enzyme do?regulates the metabolism of neurotransmitters (mainly serotonin)
- 8Which chromosome is the MAOA gene found in?The X (male) chromosome
- 9Who did Brunner et al. study when looking at the effects of MAOA5 members of a Dutch family who had no MAOA function and exhibited low IQ and aggressive behaviour
- 10What is low MAOA activity correlated with?aggressive behaviour and higher levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine which increase aggression
- 11What does it mean when people have high MAOA activity?Their enzymes are able to 'eat up' excess MAOA and thus they demonstrate less aggression
- 12Which areas of the brain had less activity in Raines study?Prefrontal cortex Left angular gyrus
Corpus callosum Amygdala (left)
Thalamus (left) Hippocampus (left)
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