Flashcards
103 Midterm
Flashcards do conjunto (76)
- 1What is the Book of Genesis' scriptural origin?The Hebrew Bible
- 2Approx. when and by whom was Genesis 1 written?Jawists BCE (500)
- 3According to Judeo- Christian perspective how was the first man and woman created?Man= by God, out of dirt, in God's image
Woman= out of man's rib - 4According to Judeo- Christian perspective are humans naturally pure? Why or why not?No, humans are not good, we are born tainted with sin
- 5What is the reciprocal relationship between God and the chosen people called?The Covenant
- 6What is the significance of the quote "They were naked and felt no shame" in Genesis?That sexuality did not become sinful until original sin, before this humans were not sexual beings, but post O.S the nature of humanity is to be created by sin for sin
- 7How does paganism create its religious traditions? Who are the central figures?Using ancient mythology centering around god/ goddess figures (polytheistic)
- 8Approximately when was Plato's Symposium when?Classical Greece BCE (5th c.)
- 9What was happening in ancient Greece during Plato's lifetime?War: Greece vs. Prussia; Athenians vs. Spartans; Spartan Greece vs. Macedonia
- 10What was the Greek political reform called and which group brought it into play?Cleisthenes, "demokratia" (modernly understood as democracy)
- 11Who are the Olympian gods of love?Eros and Aphrodite (both entrenched in human sexual love)
- 12Who was Plato's mentor?Socrates
- 13How are Plato's text usually written? Who is generally their main character?Dialogues featuring Socrates
- 14What is a "Symposium"?A part of a dinner party, occurring after the meal, consisted of mostly prominent men. Engaged in wine drinking, conversation, and entertainment.
- 15Why were Symposiums socially significant?It was an occasion for male bonding, teaching young men about tradition, philosophy, and love.
- 16What is paiderastia?Sexual relationship between an older (lover) and a younger man (beloved) --> most valued form of love, training them in the ways of love
- 17What kind of dialogue exists in the symposium?Set of speeches praising the gods of love- explaining each philosopher's view of love
- 18What was Phaedrus' main idea presented in the symposium?Eros is the eldest god of love. Love creates and inspires honour, can create strength in military context
- 19What was Pausaniuas' main idea presented in the symposium?Dichotomy of love; heavenly (intellectual) and common (sexual)
- 20What was Eryximachos' main idea presented in the symposium?Love is moderate rather than self- indulgent, it reconciles opposites
- 21What was Aristophanes' main idea presented in the symposium?Mythology of conjunction of humans, split by gods and doomed to forever seek out other half (soulmate)
- 22What was Agathon's main idea presented in the symposium?Sees Eros as the youngest god of love, as Aphrodite's son. The embodiment of youth, beauty, and wisdom
- 23What was Socrates' main idea presented in the symposium?Socrates (in most texts) refrains from asserting his own opinion. Uses the thoughts of others to convey his own ideas. Love is not a god but a spirit, characteristics it craves is what it, itself lacks (beauty, happiness, etc.).
- 24What does the word "Philosophy" mean?Lover of wisdom. This was the highest form of love for Plato.
- 25What is Platonic love?A strong friendship based on mutual intellectual exchange
- 26What was the name of the mortal Aphrodite falls in love with in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite?Anchises
- 27Why did Aphrodite fall in love with Anchises?Zeus tricked her into doing so by reversing her own power on her
- 28How does Aphrodite's power of love work?She uses lies and tricks people into falling in love with one another
- 29What does Aphrodite's methodology imply about the nature of love both in antiquity and modernity?Love is categorized by the lies we tell to make people want us and others
- 30What is Samsara?The cycle of reincarnation. Birth, death, and rebirth.
- 31What is moksha?Release from samsara, reincarnated form dictated by karma
- 32Who is the Hindu god of love?Kandarpa
- 33What are the three major gods of creation in Hinduism?Brahma (creator), Vishnu (sustaining), Shiva (destroyer)
- 34Who are Shakti, Sati, and Parvati?They are all the same person. Shakti is the universe's divine form of female energy, Sati is her personification, Parvati is Sati's reincarnation after her death
- 35Why did Shiva fall in love with Sati?She was an accomplished yogini and her dedication to meditation
- 36How did Sati die?Her father, Daksha, did not approve of her marriage to Shiva and cast her out from social gatherings. Sati was so offended and hurt she threw herself into a fire
- 37How did Shiva react to Sati's death?He raised demons to start a war, ends with Daksha's death (later he comes back to life with a goat head)
- 38What do Shiva and Sati represent in the world?Together they represent the balance of male and female energies, both energies are so strong they must be balanced
- 39What is Thich Nhat Hanh's religious affiliation?Zen Buddhism
- 40What does the word "Buddha" mean?Enlightened one
- 41Who was the founding father of Buddhism?Siddartha Gautama
- 42Who was the historical figure of Siddartha Gautama?He was a prince, the sheltered son of a wealthy family who wanted to see the world
- 43When Siddartha Gautama left his palace he saw the "four sights", what were they?1. An old man
2. A sick man
3. A dead body
4. An ascetic - 44What is the main issue with 3 of the 4 sights?They are roots of suffering
- 45What is the middle- way?Path between luxury and asceticism
- 46What are the four noble truths?1. Life is suffering
2. Desire causes suffering
3. Putting aside desire leads to enlightenment
4. Fixed through 8- fold path - 47What is the 8- fold path?1. Right view
2. Right intention
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration - 48From which sect of Buddhism is Zen derived?Mahayana
- 49What is a Bodhisattva?An enlightened being who remain in the cycle of samsara, after achieving enlightenment, in order to teach the dharma
- 50What is dharma in the context of Buddhism?The teachings of the Buddha Gautama
- 51What are Zen Buddhism's view on enlightenment?We are born enlightened, we just must come to the realization
- 52How do Buddhists achieve enlightenment?meditation and corporal teaching
- 53What is Thich Nhat Hanh's idea of engaged Buddhism?Applying Buddhist teachings to surrounding society, politics, social justice issues
- 54What are some Buddhist teachings?Openness, Non- Attachment to views, Freedom of Thoughts, Awareness of Suffering, Oneness
- 55From which mother religion is Buddhism derived?Hinduism
- 56In Buddhist idea what is the main root of suffering?Attachment and separation, attachment to the self as a separate entity- "tat tvam asi" (thou art that)
- 57What is Thich Nhat Hanh's idea of love and its four components?Love the self before other:
1) Loving Kindness
2) Compassion
3) Joy
4) Equanimity - 58According to TNH what aspects of the self must be "nourished" in order to have the ability to love, and how?Nourish body, nourish senses, nourish will, nourish consciousness --> through strong community influences
- 59According to Zen Buddhism what is the problem with sex?There is difficulty in harmonizing the teachings of Buddhism, a lack of this harmony leads to empty sex which is damaging.
- 60What are the three Abrahamic traditions?Christianity, Judaism, Islam
- 61What does it mean to be an Abrahamic faith?To have a tie to the lineage of Abraham
- 62Which scriptures belong to which faiths?Old Hebrew Bible- Judaism
New Testament- Christianity
Qur'an- Islam - 63What is the meaning of the "Shir Ha- Shirim"?Song of all songs, or the song of Solomon
- 64Who was Solomon?the King of the Israelites, 10 BCE, built the Jewish Temple
- 65What is the surface subject matter of the "Shir Ha- Shirim"?Seems to be portraying a sexual relationship between a man and a woman, minus any mention of God
- 66What is the canon within scripture?The authoritative texts which compile the sacred scriptures of Abrahamic faith
- 67During which eras were both the Hebrew and Christian bibles canonized?BCE
Hebrew (4th c.)
Christian (5th c.) - 68Why is it supposed the "Shir Ha- Shirim" was canonized?It is seen as a metaphor (allegory) symbolizing God's love for his people. Suggests that God is not separate from creation.
- 69How is the relationship between God and his people categorized metaphorically?Portrayed as a married couple
- 70What was the Exodus?Has to do with the story of Moses and his freeing of the Israelite people from Egyptian oppression
- 71What happened to the Israelite people after the Exodus?They wandered the middle east searching for God's given land, Israel, new covenant created surrounding 10 commandments
- 72What is the Rabbinic interpretation of the "Shir Ha- Shirim"?That it represents the relationship between God and the Holy Land
- 73Who was Origen? And what were his basic principles?Origen was a neo- Platonic Christian philosopher who saw the importance of love residing beyond the body and in the spiritual. He was an ascetic who condemned sexuality.
- 74What was Origen's view of the "Shir Ha- Shirim"?It should be disregarded, and only read by those who are "ready", ascetics who have let go bodily importance so that the allegory may be recognized properly
- 75What is the Medieval interpretation of the "Shir Ha- Shirim"?That it is the relationship between Mary and Christ
- 76During which era was the New Testament canonized?Common Era
(4th c.)