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Piper Orr Inglês 80 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (80)

  1. 1Who was Abraham OrteliusDutch Mapmaker in late 1600's
  2. 2What did Ortelius discover (1st person to)1st person to say that the continents seemed to fit together like pieces of a puzzle
  3. 3What were the 2 ways he said the continents split by1. Floods
    2. Earthquakes
  4. 4Who was Eduard SuessAustrian geologist in 1800's
  5. 5What did Suess discover (1st person to)There once was a super continent
  6. 6What did Suess name his super continentGondwana Land
  7. 7How did he say gondwana land turned into our earth todayIt flooded and that was the Atlantic Ocean and didn't say continents moved apart
  8. 8Who was Alfred WegenerGerman meteorologist/astronomer
  9. 9When did he make his book and what was it called1915, The origin of continents and oceans
  10. 10What did he introduce in his bookTheory of continental Drift
  11. 11What did the book/theory statethe continents were once together and slowly drifted apart
  12. 12What did Wegener name his super continentPangaea
  13. 13What does Pangaea meanAll the Earth (Greek)
  14. 14When did he say the continents broke apart250 milli years ago
  15. 15What was his first evidence (where, what)He found the same strata on two sides of the ocean (South America & Africa)
  16. 16What is stratalayers of rock
  17. 17What 3 charecteristics did these strata's haveAge, type, and thickness
  18. 18Why does this prove that continents split apart(rocks)(there is no way)There is no way the rocks could have formed the same way so far apart
  19. 19what was the 2nd piece of evidence (where,what)Wegener found the same mountain range in Scotland and North America
  20. 20Why does this prove continental drift (mountains) (there is no way)There is no way a mountain range and just stop and start again 1000 miles away, therefore they must have been together and split apart
  21. 21What was his 3rd piece of evidenceHe found 2 different plant fossils both on each side of the ocean (matched with the ones on other side)
  22. 22Why does this prove Continental drift (animal fossils) (there is no way) (list types of animals)There is no way these animals could have evolved the same way so far apart ( different climates), therefore they must have been together and split apart . Land animal and freshwater animal
  23. 23Why didn't people believe Wegener Animal fossil evidenceThey said there was a land bridge and the animal walked across, then the bridge dissolved
  24. 24What are the 2 reasons why the animals couldn't have crossed the ocean1. Land Animal couldn't swim
    2. Freshwater animal would have died in saltwater
  25. 25What was the 4th piece of evidence (where, what)Wegener found a fern plant fossil called Glossopterias everywhere on all the continents
  26. 26What was the argument about the plant fossilsThey said the seed could have crossed the ocean
  27. 27What are the 2 reasons the seed couldn't have crossed the ocean1. Too fragile to float (would diseningrate)
    2. Seeds were too heavy for wind
  28. 28Why does this prove continental drift (plant fossils) (there is no way)There is no way Glossopterias could have evolved the same way in so many places, therefore the continents must have been together and split apart
  29. 29What is the 5th evidenceHe found coal in the Artic and Antartica
  30. 30Why does this prove continental drift (coal)Coal forms from tropic trees, artic areas are too cold to have arctic trees, therefore they must have been somewhere else.
  31. 31What was the final piece of evidenceWegener found glacial deposits in India, Africa, and South America all near the equator
  32. 32What did he find on these glacial depositsHe found glacier straitions (scratches on these rocks)
  33. 33Why does this prove continental drift (glacial deposits)These areas (India, Africa, South America) are too hot for glaciers, therefore they must have been somewhere else
  34. 34What were the 2 explanations that Wegener said the continents drifted1. Spin of the Earth (physics proved wrong)
    2. They just plowed through the ocean( stupid/no proof)
  35. 35What did science believe at this timeThey believed the Earth was solid
  36. 36What did Arthur Holmes doproposed the idea that the continents/plates moved by convection in the mantle
  37. 37What did Harry Hess doproved Holmes idea of convection currents in the mantle
  38. 38What is sea floor spreadingAs new ocean (crust) is created at ridges(long mountain range), it is getting destroyed at deep sea trenches
  39. 39What is a ridgeLong mountain range
  40. 40What is paleomagnetismThe history of Earth's magnetic field found in rocks
  41. 41What is a magnetometermaps the ocean floor by rocks magnetism
  42. 42What are isochronsthe layers of rock with the same age and polarity (magnetism/magnetic field)
  43. 43Why is paleomagnetism important?It tells us Earh's history of evolution of rocks. Also, it tells us about isochrons and led to the discovery of sea floor spreading
  44. 44Why is sea floor spreading important?Sea floor spreading is important because it helped prove continental drift
  45. 45Describe convection currents in mantleHeated mantle material rises from deep inside the mantle while cooler mantle sinks, creating a convection current.
  46. 46How does this prove the ocean is movingSince parts of the ocean floor have different polarities and ages, old on the sides, new near the ridge, proves that old crust has moved from where its created(ridges) so the ocean is moving.
  47. 47Where is ocean crust createdRidges
  48. 48Where is ocean crust destroyedTrenches
  49. 49Name the 3 types of plate boundariesDivergent, Convergent, and Transvergent
  50. 50What do divergent boundaries do (include thickness and density)move apart (rye), very thick, less dense
  51. 51What are the 2 variations for divergent boundariesLand/Land and Ocean/ Ocean
  52. 52List Land/Land Divergent steps1. Thick crust
    2. As crust separates, middle thins
    3. Forms a rift valley
    4. Magma rises because it thins out and forms a volcano when crust separates
  53. 53How thick is Land/Land DIvergent crustVery thick
  54. 54What does a land/land divergent boundary formRift valleys and volcanos
  55. 55What are two examples of a divergent land/land boundaryGreat African Rift Valley (GARV) and Mt.Kilmanjaro
  56. 56What is a fissurelong crack that erupts
  57. 57What is the 2nd variation of divergent boundariesOcean/Ocean
  58. 58How thick is ocean/ocean for divergentVery thin
  59. 59List steps of Ocean/Ocean1. Plates move apart
    2. because ocean plate is so thin, as they move part, the magma is already right there (so thin no where else to be ) and comes up instantly
    3. as fissure comes up, magma hardens and forms a long mountain range (ridge)
  60. 60What do ocean/ocean divergent plate boundaries formRidges (long mountain ranges) and fissures
  61. 61What is an example of ocean/ocean boundaries divergentMid Atlantic Ridge (MAR)
  62. 62How do convergent boundaries moveThey move towards each other, and come together
  63. 63How many variations of convergent boundaries are there and what are they called3, Land/Ocean, Land/Land, and Ocean/Ocean
  64. 64What happens when convergent land/ocean boundaries come together (list all details, density too)Since the ocean plate is more dense, it gets subducted underneath land crust (less dense) . As ocean plates subduct, it gets pushed into mantle and melts. This melted magma now rises and forms a volcano.
  65. 65Where are deep trenches formedAt the point where the ocean plate is subducted
  66. 66What do convergent land/ocean boundaries createvolcanos
  67. 67What is an example of a land/ocean convergent boundarySeattle, Ring of Fire, Japan
  68. 68Describe what happens with land/land convergent boundariesthey hit and and crumple up and form massive mountains
  69. 69How thick and how dense are both of theseThey both have the same density and thickness
  70. 70What is an example of land/ land convergent boundariesMt Everest and the Himalayas
  71. 71Why can Asia be destroyed after many yearsIt is slowly becoming crushed into mountain
  72. 72How dense is the older rock and whyMore dense because it has absorbed more water throughout the years
  73. 73Describe ocean/ocean convergent boundariesOld ocean goes under new ocean it melts magma rises and forms an island ark
  74. 74What is an island arkVolcanic Island chain
  75. 75What are two examples of ocean/ocean convergent boundary1. Eastern Carribean
    2. Northern Mariana Islands
  76. 76Describe hotspot formation (include volcano stuff)They form when a stationary magma chamber under the crust erupts and forms a volcano. The plates then move with the volcano on them. The magma chamber erupts again and this creates a chain of volcanic islands as time goes on.
  77. 77Describe hot spot volcanosAll look the same but are not on plate boundaries
  78. 78Describe transform boundaries (all the steps)the plates slide past each other and they form fault lines. Friction builds up between the plates until they snap and create earthquakes
  79. 79What is an example of transform boundariesSan Andreas
  80. 80What is the average amount of years large earthquakes happen in San Andreasevery 150 yrs

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FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Piper Orr em 03-04-2023.
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Piper Orr
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