Flashcards
PS443 W2 Readings Notes
Flashcards do conjunto (21)
- 1Conduit metaphorWe assume ppl insert thoughts and feelings directly into words
- 2Communication & meaning-Communication doesn't involve transfer of meanings from person to person
-When meanings are transferred successfully you can say communication is good - 3Unintentional meaning(1) LIsteners, readers create meanings that can be very diff to each other
(2) Communicators always end up communicating smth unintended
(3) Meanings derived by readers are basis of receiver responses - 4Haimann, Scott & Connor (1978)If the idea received is not the one intended, communication has not taken place"
- 5Why do we not exercise more vigilance to better communication?-confidence
-complacency
-we assume our meaning is explicitly and directly transferred into words we say to receiver and that they can easily decode it - 6When we assume intended meaning has been transferred: ...1. Inflate communicator's confidence that receiver got intended meaning
2. Reduced perceived need for intra & extra msg redundancy
3. Reduce amount of energy communicators want to devote to this redundancy! - 7What should managers do?EXPECT diffs between sent and received meanings in msgs and expand efforts to minimize them
- 8Issues w/ communication-conduit metaphor encourages notion that communication is easy, requires little effort
-leads to less resources being put into improving communication :( - 9SCHEGLOFF (1992)-ordinary convo and interaction builds foundation for INTERSUBJECTIVITY (transmission of culture thru socialization)
-when bits of conduct that compose ordinary social life provide opportunities for understanding - 10Composition of 3rd position repairA component
B component
C component
D component - 11A componentThis is initial reaction to someone misunderstanding - usually "no, I mean..." followed by rectification of unintended meaning
- 12B componentUsually an apology/excuse from person who misunderstood ("oh sorry") and so speaker accepts apology
- 13C componentRejection component eg "I don't mean..." or "I'm not asking ..."
- 14D component"Repair proper" - usually speaker carries out some operation to address misunderstanding
- 15Types of repair operation1. Takes form of "I mean" and then explanation for what you actually meant
2. Reformulation of trouble source - resaying same thing in diff words
3. Prosecutors of 3rd position repair may employ SPECIFICATION: introduce specifics/examples of what they really mean
4. Recast trouble source turn - explaining upon listener expression confusion or unintended meaning
5. Characterization of trouble source turn (eg "I was just kidding") - 164th position repair-repair happens after 2nd turn was answer to q that doesn't show any misunderstanding
-3rd turn moves forward with subject
-Reader then realizes that original sender misconstrued his/her meaning and clarifies this in 4TH POSITION REPAIR
-may use "oh, I thought you meant..." - 17Relationship of 3rd and 4th position repair-sometimes these two occur simultaneously
-provide form of INTERSUBJECTIVITY
-after 3rd position repair initiated, any repair initiated is usually done for the next most relevant trouble source - 18THE MULTIPLE REPAIR SPACE-3rd and 4th position repairs are not fixed, can move about within conversation
-position of repair dependent on your choice - what YOU treat as repairable (if you need repair at all) - 19Alternatives to unintended meanings-speaker may sometimes let it go - treat responsive turn as it was sequentially appropriate and correct
-by-product: encourage misunderstanding? But some may prefer this to repairing
-sometimes misunderstood speakers don't realize they've been misunderstood - 20Breakdown of intersubjectivity-once initial convo closes on nasty note - parties may never speak to each other again, or leave bad taste in mouth
-this can be very important in some situations eg husband and wife
-severely impacts relationships, employment histories, life - 21Schegloff's conclusive points-when misunderstanding escapes multiple repair space, whole structure of convo can be compromised
-"virtually anything in the talk can be a source of misunderstanding"
-3rd position repair is the LAST DEFENSE of intersubjectivity - this is the last chance for you to repair any misunderstandings
Informações
- Descrição
- Axley (1984) Schegloff (1992)
- Criado por
- Helen Li
- Visualizações
- 3
- Avaliação
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