Flashcards
01Handout1
Flashcards do conjunto (40)
- 1computeris a device that can compute for the desired information through entering information
- 2systemcan be defined as many elements working as one. It is a working procedure or methods to which a process is formed.
- 3computer systemis a system that comprises elements that process raw data and instruction.
- 4Elements of a Computer SystemData
Software
System software – Operating system (Windows 10)
Application software – Web browser (Google Chrome)
Hardware
Microprocessor
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Input devices
Output devices
Communication - 5DataIt is the fundamental representation of facts and observations. It is processed by a computer system to provide information, which is the very reason for the computer’s existence. It can also take on a number of different forms: numbers, text, images, and sounds. However, it’s all numbers on the computer.
- 6SoftwareIt consists of system and application programs that define the instructions executed by the hardware.
Here are some examples:
System software – Operating system (Windows 10)
Application software – Web browser (Google Chrome) - 7application programming interface (API)it acts as an interface for application programs and utilities to access the internal services provided by the operating system.
- 8kernelit contains the most important operating system processing functions.
- 9HardwareThis includes devices that process data by executing instructions, storing data, and moving data and information between various Input/Output (I/O) devices, making the system and information accessible to users
- 10MicroprocessorIt is where the computer processes all data and instructions (or commands that a computer must do).
- 11Primary StorageIt is mostly used as temporary storage for processed data and running applications. Most of them are volatile. Some of the examples are random access memory (RAM) and cache memory.
- 12Secondary StorageIt is used to store files, applications, and operating system.
- 13HDD (Hard Disk Drive)It is a type of a non-volatile storage media that stores data on spinning magnetic disks rotating at a high-speed.
- 14Flash DriveIt is a type of non-volatile storage media that stores data in a single flash memory. It is known for its portability.
- 15SSD (Solid State Drive)It is a type of a non-volatile storage media that stores data on a series of solid-state
- 16KeyboardIt is one of the primary input devices composed of buttons with alphanumeric characters. It also performs other functions.
- 17MouseIt is a handheld input device that is capable of controlling and maneuvering graphical user interface (GUI) with the use of a cursor on display.
- 18MonitorIt is capable of displaying the GUI of a computer.
- 19PrinterIt is capable of representing data on paper.
- 20CommunicationIt consists of hardware and software that transport programs and data between interconnected computer systems. A communication channel provides the connection between computers. Some of the data media channels are copper, fiber-optic, and wireless (infrared [IR], radio frequency [RF], Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth).
- 21Architecture in computer systemsis the design of computer components in hardware being used, in the flow of data input-process-storage-output within the system, in algorithms being implemented, and more.
- 22The design can be distinguished into two (2): by form and by function.Design by Form: Classification of Computers
Design by Function: Computer Operations - 23Design by formrefers to the structure and size of a system. From the structure of the system, computer systems can be classified by form to distinguish form factor.
- 24Microcomputersare usually small, low cost, and intended for one (1) user or one (1) device. These are used for a large variety of applications, from network access to business, educational, and entertainment applications and even games. (e.g., PC, PDA, gadgets, and console)
- 25Minicomputersare generally used in a multiuser environment. These servers act as a platform for a specific application, such as a print server that manages all printers and handles all print tasks or a mail server that manages all the organization’s mail. (e.g., single rack server [print, Web, file])
- 26Mainframesare large organizational computer systems that act as the main computational infrastructure. These are usually very powerful and support many concurrent users.These systems host an organization’s databases and provide applications to support all business processes. (e.g., server farms [dsata centers])
- 27Design by functionpertains to the specific instruction or process that a computer system must have to meet criteria and application.
- 28Input/Outputpertains to the placing of data in or out of the computer system.
- 29Basic arithmetic and logical calculationspertains to mathematic calculations and comparison.
- 30Data transformation or translationpertains to the data that changes from one form to another due to instruction or need.
- 31Data sorting pertainsto arrangement of data by a list or specific criterion or criteria.
- 32Searching for data matchespertains to the comparison of data to suffice condition.
- 33Data storage and retrievalpertains to getting and/or placing data in a non-volatile storage.
- 34Data movementpertains to the placement of data from one memory location to the other.
- 35Design by Function: Moore’s LawIn addition to function, Moore’s Law can be included as a design by function due to the rapid influx of technology in today’s standards. From the semiconductor industry perspective, this law represents designing for rapid change of hardware. Thus, new architecture and emerging technology arise and is much better than the first one. It also states that integrated circuit resources double every 18–24 months. This law relies on “Transistor count” as a basis for the advancement of integrated circuit.
- 36Transistors versus years according to Moore’s Law
- 37Solutions to Architecture ComplexityAbstraction
Computer Hierarchy
Decomposition - 38AbstractionIt is used to characterize a certain object at different levels of representation offering models. Basically, it is an ideal model put into a representation.
- 39Computer HierarchyIt is a structure that has a predetermined ordering from high to low. It refers to systems that are organized in the shape of a pyramid, with each row of objects linked to objects directly beneath it.
- 40DecompositionIt is a process of splitting the system in smaller chunks; people can work better by working on smaller separate tasks. Once the system is decomposed, it does the following:
Work on each chunk in different times (prioritizing important chunks)
Give each chunk to a different person/team (work can be done in parallel).
Informações
- Descrição
- easy Computer Systems and Architecture FlashCards sobre 01Handout1, criado por Eljin Aguilar em 12-08-2024.
- Criado por
- Eljin Aguilar · ago 2024
- Atualizado
- 13 ago 2024
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