Flashcards

Soil & Layers

Genesis Villalpando Urban Farming 12th grade Inglês 19 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (19)

1Alfisols-Formed under forest
+High fertility -hardness limits root development
-Clay is present
-35% saturation ability
-moderate amount of leaching
2AndisolsAndo-Black
-Formed by volcanic ash
-able to hold lots of water
-smallest amount of land from this soil
+high level fertility
3AridisolsAridus-dry
-Found in arid regions->little leaching
-not really used for agriculture
- has (calcium carbonate)
-low in O matter
4Entisols-Lack of horizons
-More numerous Soils
+ag plants can grow BUT if there is water, very productive for range,
5Gelisols-Gelare- to freeze
-Extremely cold climates with permafrost within 2m of the surface
-Organic matter at the top
-Very sensitive to human activity
+help with natural habitat
6Histosols-Histos- Tissue (like animal and plant tissue)
-Contain 20-30% organic matter
-Form in wetlands with little drainage
+ Able to hold lots of water because of the O
-deficient nutrients, low chemical fertility
7Inceptisols-Inceptum- beginning
-Little horizon development
-Found in most places except arid regions
+hold lots of water
-Susceptible to erosion low O matter
8MollisolsMollis- soft
-Form in grasslands
Thick dark surface horizon
-Found in middle latitudes,
+One of the most productive & important for AG
- Low soil O matter
9Oxisols-Oxide- weathered
-Found mostly in intertropical areas
-Has few weatherable minerals and is rich in Fe and Al oxides
Extremely low fertility
+Can be productive with fert and Lime, do well in high climates
- low fertility, low nutrient reserves, high phosphorus retention
10Spodosols-Spodos- wood ash
-Light colored E horizon with reddish/brown layer underneath
-Acidic soils with subsurface humus with Al and Fe
+ Use for forestry and Rec, photogenic (pretty)
- degrades over time, poor drainage, low nutrients and naturally infertile
11UltisolsUltimus- last
Strongly leached, acidic forest soils with low fertility
Found in humid, temperate areas in older and stable areas
Much weathering means Ca, Mg, K have been leached from the soil
+Good for forestry, need fertilizer for good AG, stable for building
-low fertility
12VertisolsVerto- turn
-Clay rich soils that shrink and swell when water content changes
-Large deep cracks during dry periods
-Expands when water enters it
-Prevents formation of horizons
-Makes building and other human activities difficult
- not good for commercial uses
+-good for plants that can live in standing water
13What order does the Horizons go in ?O,A,E,B,C,R
14O horizon-The top layer of soil that is made up of living and decomposed materials like leaves, plants, and bugs.
-This layer is very thin and is usually pretty dark.
15A horizon-A layer of mineral soil that has a defined soil structure, and it is mostly made up of humus
-A good material for plants and other organisms to live.
16E horizon-known as the leaching zone
-A layer of soil that has been leached of clay, iron, and other minerals, and is usually lighter in color than the surrounding layers
17B horizon-iron oxides
-a layer of soil that's located beneath the A horizon and is characterized by an accumulation of minerals and clays
18C horizon- A zone of little or no humus accumulation or soil structure development.
-Made up of weathered rock fragments and parent material
19R horizon-The lowest layer of soil and is made up of bedrock. It is characterized by being tightly bound and unbreakable
-A mass of rock such as granite, basalt, quartzite, limestone or sandstone