Flashcards
Theories of criminal behaviour: biological and psychological
Flashcards do conjunto (38)
- 1Who created the atavistic form theory?Cesare Lombroso
- 2What is Lombroso's atavistic form theory?Criminals are born criminals with primitive physical traits inherited from early ancestors.
- 3Give examples of atavistic features.Large jaw, sloping forehead, long arms, asymmetrical face.
- 4Who developed somatotype theory?William Sheldon
- 5What are the three somatotypes?Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph.
- 6Which somatotype is most linked to crime?Mesomorph (muscular, aggressive, risk-taking).
- 7Which brain area controls impulse control and decision making?Prefrontal cortex.
- 8Which brain area controls emotion and aggression?Amygdala.
- 9How can brain abnormalities lead to crime?They may cause poor impulse control, aggression, and lack of empathy.
- 10What do twin studies show about criminal behaviour?Identical twins show higher similarity in criminal behaviour than fraternal twins.
- 11What do adoption studies suggest about criminality?Criminal behaviour may resemble biological parents more than adoptive parents.
- 12What is behaviourism in relation to crime?Behaviour is learned through rewards and punishments.
- 13Which psychologist is associated with behaviourism?B. F. Skinner
- 14What is operant conditioning?Behaviour shaped by reinforcement or punishment.
- 15Who developed social learning theory?Albert Bandura
- 16How is behaviour learned in social learning theory?By observing and imitating others.
- 17What are the four stages of social learning?Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation.
- 18Who created differential association theory?Edwin Sutherland
- 19What does differential association theory say about crime?Crime is learned through interaction with others.
- 20When are people more likely to commit crime according to this theory?When exposed to more pro-crime attitudes than anti-crime attitudes.
- 21Who developed psychodynamic theory?Sigmund Freud
- 22What are the three parts of personality in psychodynamic theory?Id, Ego, Superego.
- 23How can psychodynamic theory explain crime?Crime may occur if the superego is weak or underdeveloped.
- 24Who developed the criminal personality theory?Hans Eysenck
- 25What are Eysenckâs three personality dimensions?Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism.
- 26Which trait is linked with aggression and lack of empathy?Psychoticism.
- 27Who developed the stages of moral reasoning?Lawrence Kohlberg
- 28What are the three levels of moral reasoning?Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional.
- 29Which level do many offenders operate at?Pre-conventional level.
- 30What are cognitive distortions?Faulty thinking patterns that justify criminal behaviour.
- 31What is hostile attribution bias?Assuming others have hostile intentions.
- 32What is minimalisation?Downplaying the seriousness of a crime.
- 33What is moral reasoning?the question that asks 'is this right or wrong?'
- 34What was heinz's reasoning?heinz's reasoning states that there are 6 stages of moral reasoning
- 35What did kohlberg (1927 - 1987) state?there a 3 types of moral reasoning,
stage 1 preconventional,
stage 2 conventional &
stage 3 postconventional. - 36what was a weakness with kohlberg's theory?the dilemmas were artificial
the sample was biased
the dilemmas are hypothetical - 37What did thornton and reid (1982) find?criminals committing crime for financial gain are morally immature
- 38What did chandler (1973) find?people with high moral reasoning sympathise more with others.
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Alfie Bolingbroke em 05-03-2026.
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- Alfie Bolingbroke
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