Flashcards
Big Names
Flashcards do conjunto (15)
- 1What did E.L. Thorndike contribute to what we know about learning?The Law of Effect
- 2Define: LAW OF EFFECTLearning happens in a cause-effect way that is based on rewards.
You do something if you're rewarded, you stop doing it when you aren't. - 3Explain Thorndike's CAT IN A BOX experimentPlace cat in a box with trapdoor, food placed outside. Cat pulls wire/steps on lever to open door.
First trial: doesn't know how to escape, presses lever by accident
Later trials: cats get faster at opening door until they immediately perform action as soon they are placed in a box - 4Explain why the cat's actions in Thorndike's experiment DOES NOT demonstrate understandingIf you look at the curve of action time, the learning is gradual-- there is no AHA moment when the cat "understands/realizes" pressing the lever opens the trapdoor
- 5What did Kurt Lewin contribute to learning?Theory of Association
- 6Define: ASSOCIATIONGrouping things that occur together in time and space
- 7Define: THEORY OF ASSOCIATIONOrganisms learn by associating certain behaviors with certain rewards, and certain situations with certain cues.
Later proved by Ivan Pavlov - 8What is Ivan Pavlov known for?Won a Nobel Prize for work on digestion, and the concept of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- 9Define: CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGTeaching an organism to respond to a neutral stimuli by pairing the neutral stimuli with a stimuli that evokes a certain response
- 10Explain Pavlov's experimentDogs salivate for food
Then realized that they also salivate @ footsteps, plate food is brought on, person bringing food
Rang a bell, and then gave food (x a lot of times)
Conditioned dogs to salivate to bell - 11Who was John B. Watson?The founder of Behaviorism
- 12Define: BEHAVIORISMLearning (like all behavior) is the result of stimulus-response chains and these chains are created through conditioning
-- only objective and observable events are important to psychology - 13What is B.F. Skinner known for?Operant conditioning (which proved Thorndike's law of effect)
and Skinner's box - 14Define: OPERANT CONDITIONINGBehavior being influenced primarily by reinforcement
- 15Explain the Skinner BoxRats press a lever to get food
Proves that animals can be influenced by reinforcement
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- Writtens GRE Psych (Learning (6-10 Questions)) FlashCards sobre Big Names, criado por Riah Sorn-ampai em 04-01-2016.
- Criado por
- Riah Sorn-ampai
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