O GoConqr está de visual novo! Conte para nós o que você achou.

Registre-se grátis

Flashcards

Oral Cavity (Practical)

Florence Edwards Year 1 BVSc Inglês 64 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (64)

  1. 1What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?Located medial to medial surface of teeth
    Extends as far caudally as palatoglossal arch
    Bounded dorsally by hard and soft palates
    Bounded ventrally by tongue and floor of mouth
  2. 2Where is the vestibule?Space located between lips/cheeks and teeth
  3. 3Describe the apex of the tongueRostral, free tip of tongue
    Most mobile part of tongue
  4. 4Describe the body of the tongueLocated between apex and root
    Attached to mandible by frenulum
  5. 5Describe the root of the tongueCaudal part of the tongue
    Attached to basihyoid bone
    In horses and ruminants, lingual process of basihyoid bone embedded in root of tongue
  6. 6Which species possess a torus linguae?Ruminants and some rodents
    Foreign bodies can become embedded in torus linguae in cattle
  7. 7What type of epithelium is found on the tongue?Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium
  8. 8What is the function of papillae?Some contain taste buds and some have a mechanical function for feeding and grooming
  9. 9Why does the tongue of cats feel rough?Numerous cornified conical papillae with a mechanical function in grooming
  10. 10Why does the tongue of ruminants feel rough?Greater degree of keratinisation of epithelium of lingual epithelium
    Due to large amount of roughage consumed by ruminants which causes extensive mechanical abrasion
  11. 11What is the function of the extensive buccal papillae in the cow?Protection
  12. 12What is the intrinsic muscle of the tongue?Lingualis proprius
    Dorsal, ventral, longitudinal and transverse systems of muscle fibres
  13. 13Name and describe the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongueGenioglossus = mandibular symphysis to body of tongue, protrudes tongue
    Styloglossus = stylohyoid bone to body and root of tongue, retracts and elevates tongue, moves it laterally
    Hyoglossus = basihyoid bone to root of tongue, retracts and depresses
  14. 14Where is the hyoid apparatus suspended from the skull?Temporal bone caudal to tympanic bulla
  15. 15Which species have a lingual process and why?Horse and cow
    Larger tongue that requires more support - prehensile in cow
  16. 16How does the tongue receive motor innervation?Hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)
  17. 17How does the tongue receive sensory innervation?Rostral 2/3: taste = branch of facial nerve (VII), general sensation = branch of trigeminal nerve (V)
    Caudal 1/3: glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
  18. 18Give 2 ways the lingual blood supply is useful clinicallyIn an anaesthetised animal, lingual arteries can be used to palpate peripheral pulse
    Lingual veins can be used for venepuncture
  19. 19What is the blood supply of the tongue?Left and right lingual arteries and veins
    Lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery
    Highly vascularised so injuries to tongue will bleed significantly
  20. 20Why is the tongue useful in thermoregulation?Rich vascularisation allows dissipation of heat from blood to air
    Panting increases air flow and hence evaporative heat loss
  21. 21What is the effect of dorsal displacement of the soft palate on a race horse during a race?Horse tends to pull up as unable to breathe properly
  22. 22Where is the duct opening of the mandibular salivary gland?Duct travels rostrally from gland in sublingual fold
    Opens at sublingual caruncle which is just caudal to incisor teeth on ventral floor of oral cavity
  23. 23What type of secretion is produced by the mandibular gland?Mixed serous and mucous
  24. 24Where is the duct opening of the compact sublingual salivary gland?Travels rostrally in sublingual fold alongside mandibular gland
    Also opens at sublingual caruncle
  25. 25What is a ranula?Swelling found under the tongue along path of mandibular and sublingual salivary ducts, caused by a blockage in one of these ducts
  26. 26What type of secretion is produced by the parotid gland?Serous in all species except dog where it is mixed serous and mucous
  27. 27Why is the parotid salivary gland relatively larger in horses and ruminants?Extends as far ventrally as angle of jaw
    Parotid secretion important in moistening and softening food, hence it is larger in herbivores
  28. 28Where is the parotid duct opening in the dog?Caudal end of 4th upper premolar in oral vestibule
  29. 29What are salivary mucoceles?Small stones can be produced by salivary glands (mandibular gland in particular) and lodge in duct, causing a swelling due to back pressure
    Ranula specific type of mucocele
  30. 30Why are the lymph nodes of the head important in meat inspection?Indications of disease so parotid and mandibular glands in particular are sectioned for meat inspection
  31. 31What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?Palatoglossal arches to caudal border of soft palate
    Base of epiglottis to root of tongue
  32. 32What is the innervation of the oropharynx?Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
  33. 33How does the oral cavity function?Voluntarily and is innervated by facial nerve (VII)
  34. 34Which structures are found in the lateral walls of the oropharynx?Palatine tonsils
  35. 35What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?Internal nares (choanae) to caudal edge of soft palate where the junction of the palatopharyngeal arch is located
  36. 36Which structures are found in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx?Orifices of auditory tubes
  37. 37Where is the piriform recess?Either side of epiglottis
  38. 38Are the muscles of the pharynx smooth or skeletal?Skeletal
  39. 39How are pharyngeal muscles innervated?Motor innervation via vagus nerve (X)
    Sensory innervation via glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
  40. 40Describe the mechanism of swallowing (7 steps)Bolus moved to back of mouth by tongue
    Hyoglossus and styloglossus move tongue against hard palate
    Food touches pharyngeal mucosa = reflex
    Soft palate elevated to close naropharynx
    Palatopharyngeal arch contracts
    Hyoid and larynx drawn forwards, epiglottis drawn back to close larynx
    Food propelled into oesophagus by successive contraction of pharyngeal constrictors
  41. 41Is deglutition a voluntary or reflex action?Can be initiated voluntarily but completed reflexively
  42. 42Why are stomach tubes passed through the nose rather than the mouth in horses?Long soft palate
  43. 43What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?Stratified squamous
    Varying degrees of keratinisation depending on diet
  44. 44Describe dentition in catsVery small incisors
    Large canines
    Reduced molars so only have a cutting action, unlike dogs which also have a crushing action
  45. 45Describe dentition in ruminantsNo upper incisors
    Canine modified to fourth or corner incisor
    Premolars and molars form a continuous row for grinding
  46. 46Describe dentition in rabbitsAll teeth rootless and constantly growing
    Peg teeth are small incisors caudal to large upper incisors
    Premolars and molars form a continuous row for grinding
  47. 47Describe dentition in hedgehogsLong front incisors for skewering insects
    Canines for holding and molars for crushing (similar to carnivores)
  48. 48Which bone are the incisor teeth implanted in?Incisive bone
  49. 49Which bone are upper canines, premolars and molars implanted in?Maxilla
  50. 50Which bone are lower canines, premolars and molars implanted in?Mandible
  51. 51Give 3 examples of dolicocephalic dog breedsGreyhound, Borzio, rough Collie
  52. 52Give 3 examples of mesaticephalic dog breedsLabrador, Retriever, Husky
  53. 53Give 3 examples of brachycephalic dog breedsBoxer, pug, English Bulldog
  54. 54Give 2 clinical conditions associated with dolicocephalic dog breedsCommonly associated with overbite
    Can be particularly susceptible to periodontal disease
  55. 55Give 3 clinical conditions associated with brachycephalic dog breedsDental crowding
    Rotation of teeth
    Malocclusion
  56. 56What common term is used for a horse with an overbite?Parrot mouth
  57. 57What is the difference between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch?Palatoglossal arch = rostral, near palatine tonsils
    Palatopharyngeal arch = caudal, where hard and soft palate meet
  58. 58Which teeth may be absent in the horse?Canines, first premolars (wolf teeth)
  59. 59Which teeth are missing in the cat?P1 of upper arcade, P1 and P2 of lower arcade
    M2 of upper arcade, M2 and M3 of lower arcade
  60. 60How many roots do the upper and lower carnassial/sectorial teeth have in the dog and cat?Upper = 3
    Lower = 2
  61. 61Which tooth in the cat is the only one to have 3 roots?3rd premolar of upper arcade
  62. 62What problems can be posed in extraction of dog's canine tooth?Root is 70% length of tooth and extends to first upper premolar
    Length of root and firm attachment in alveolus make extraction difficult
    Can lead to fracture of mandible and oronasal fistulas (creating connection between oral and nasal cavity)
  63. 63How are upper incisors distinguished from lower incisors?Upper = trilobed crown
    Lower = bilobed crown
  64. 64How are upper molars distinguished from lower molars?Upper = 3 roots
    Lower = 2 roots

Informações

Descrição
BVSc Year 1 (Alimentary and Renal) FlashCards sobre Oral Cavity (Practical), criado por Florence Edwards em 30-01-2016.
Criado por
Florence Edwards · jan 2016
Atualizado
6 abr 2018
Visualizações
0
Avaliação

Fale Conosco

Sobre o que é sua mensagem?

O que você acha do novo visual?

Você gostou?