Flashcards
Josh mid-sem exam
Flashcards do conjunto (43)
- 1AcetylcholineA compound which occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter
- 2An increase in size of a certain muscleAcute hypertrophy
- 3Steady statean unvarying condition in a physical process
- 4Cerebellumthe part of the brain that coordinates and regulates muscular activity
- 5Tissue that surrounds the whole muscleEpimysium
- 6Exentensibilitythe capability of being stretched
- 7Isometric contractionwhere the muscle generates force without changing in length
- 8the part of the cerebral cortex in the brain in which originate the nerve impulses that initiate voluntary muscular activityMotor cortex
- 9Motor unitControls muscle fibres, allowing them to contract at the same time with full force
- 10detects changes in muscle length and then force muscles to contractmuscle spindle
- 11Myofibrilelongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells
- 12the smallest functional, contractive unit of a myofibril. They occur as repeating units, extending from our Z-line to the next along the length of the myofibrilsarcomere
- 13anabolicsynthesis of molecules
- 14Actina protein which forms the contractile filaments of muscle and is also involved in motion in other types of cell
- 15a fibrous protein which works together with actin to form contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cellmyosin
- 16The breakdown of moleculesCatabolic
- 17Chronic hypertrophylong term growth of a muscle
- 18Acetyl CoAconveys carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the krebs cycle to be oxidised for energy production
- 19A water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes trigylycerides in lipoproteinsLipoprotein lipase
- 20Creatine kinaseenzyme used to take phosphate from creatine phosphate and bind it to ADP to create ATP
- 21the component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspendedcytosol
- 22Glycolysisthe breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid
- 23Hexokinaseis the first enzyme of glycolysis and adds phosphate to glucose
- 24organelle found in most cells where the biochemical processes of repirationg and energy production occurMitochondrion
- 25Oxygencarried throughout the body in red blood cells and into muscles
- 26Phosphorylasean enzyme which introduces a phosphate group into an organic molecule
- 27the addition of a phosphoryl group to a molecule. Turns proteins on and offPhosphorylation
- 28is the end product of glycolysis and is converted into acetyl CoA when there is sufficient oxygen.when there is insufficient oxygen, it is converted into lactic acidPyruvate
- 29Lactateis a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis and can lead to fatigue if the lactate threshold is passed
- 30Glycogenolysisthe metabolic process of breaking down glycogen into glucose
- 31Malate-Aspartate shuttleis a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis
- 32a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptorsElectron transport chain
- 33is a compound that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADPATP - adenosine triphosphate
- 34is a compound made up of only 2 phosphates which when combined with another phosphate isconverted into ATPADP- Adenosine diphosphate
- 35is produced when two ADP are combined. When this happens 1 ATP is created along with 1 AMPAMP- Adenosine monophosphate
- 36Golgi tendondetects tension in muscles and when the muscle is too tense then the golgi tendon will relax the muscle
- 37Muscle fatiguewhere the muscles capacity to produce maximal voluntary action is reduced
- 38Slow oxidative muscle fibres are highly resistant to fatigue and can work for longerType 1 (SO)
- 39Fast Glycolytic muscle fibres fatigue very quickly and only last during short bursts of energy (100m sprint)Type 2b (FG)
- 40Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres are in the middle of SO and FG when it comes to when they are used and how long they are used forType 2a (FOG)
- 41DOMSDelayed onset muscle soreness is where stiffness and soreness is felt several hours after exercise. This is due to miniscule tears in muscle fibres
- 42Allosteric enzymeenzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in a change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site
- 43Homeostasisa state of physiological stability